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Grape Seed (view source)

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'''Grapefruit Seed Extract Benefits'''
'''Grapefruit Seed Extract Benefits'''
*Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/grapefruit-seed-extract-benefits-4830.html
*Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/grapefruit-seed-extract-benefits-4830.html
:By Don Amerman
:


Grapefruit seed extract, also known as GSE and citrus seed extract, is a liquid extracted from the seeds and juiceless pulp of the grapefruit. Used in skin care applications and also marketed as a dietary supplement, GSE is rich in plant-based chemicals that possess potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary scientific research suggests that GSE is effective against certain microbial infections and other health problems.


:Fights Tooth Decay


Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that occurs naturally in the mouths of humans, is the leading cause of tooth decay. Previous tests revealed that GSE and tea polyphenols -- used separately -- can each inhibit the growth and acid production of this strain of strep. Researchers at China’s Fujian Medical University conducted in-vitro testing to see if the concentration of these antimicrobial agents could be reduced when used in combination with each other. They found that lower concentrations of the two agents were not only effective against the bacterium but also exhibited additional antibacterial activity. Researchers published their findings in the January 2011 issue of “Acta Academiae Medicinae Militaris Tertiae.”
'''Can You Substitute Grape Seed Oil for Olive Oil?'''
*Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/can-substitute-grape-seed-oil-olive-oil-11262.html
:(San Francisco Gate)


:Protects Against Pancreatitis
Choosing between grape seed oil and olive oil depends as much on purpose as it does taste. You can substitute grape seed oil for olive oil if the recipe involves heat, but you can't if it uses olive oil as a flavoring ingredient. Grape seed oil has 28 fat grams per ounce, and olive oil has 25.2 fat grams per ounce. Both oils have healthful fats, with grape seed rich in polyunsaturated fats and olive oil rich in monounsaturated fats.


Tissues of both humans and animals require a constant supply of blood-borne oxygen to function properly. An interruption of blood flow to certain tissues can cause damage, which in some instances is further exacerbated when blood flow is restored. Such damage is known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Polish researchers conducted an animal study to determine if the antioxidant properties of naringenin -- a flavonoid in GSE -- could minimize damage that was specifically targeted at the animals’ pancreatic systems. They found that laboratory rats pretreated with GSE suffered significantly less pancreatic damage from ischemia/reperfusion than those that did not receive GSE. Results were published in a 2004 issue of “Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.”
:Baking Guidelines


:Protects Tissues Lining the Stomach
You can substitute grape seed oil for olive oil for baking but not as a primary flavoring ingredient. The few baking recipes that call for olive oil use it for its flavor, not its fat, and build their flavor profiles around it. For example, citrus-and-olive-oil cake, a modern classic that combines the taste of extra-virgin olive oil with the bright acidity of lemons and oranges, would suffer a major flavor loss if you substituted grape seed oil; the cake would turn out the same structurally, but flavor-wise, you'll end up with an anonymous-tasting lemony orange cake that would do better with butter. The same goes for olive-oil cookies, breads and any confection that has "olive oil" in the name -- if you substitute grape seed oil, you'll ruin the dish.


Previous studies have demonstrated that the high levels of flavonoids in GSE exhibit strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties. A German-Polish research team undertook an animal study to see if these properties in GSE would also activate the gastric defense mechanism to protect these animals from laboratory-induced gastric injury. Researchers divided test animals into two groups: One received intragastric pretreatment with GSE; the other did not. Animals were then subjected to various forms of stress designed to cause gastric damage. In an article in the November 2005 issue of “World Journal of Gastroenterology,” researchers reported that animals pretreated with GSE sustained significantly fewer gastric lesions than those that were not pretreated.
:When You're Frying


:Helps Protect Heart Muscle
Frying is one area you should always choose grape seed oil over olive oil. Shallow-frying, deep-frying and sauteing all require an oil that can withstand surface temperatures between 350 and 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Extra-virgin olive oil has a smoke point -- the point it starts to break down chemically -- of 320 degrees. But its flavor and aroma start degrading -- losing their crispness, freshness and peppery finish -- at around 180 degrees. Grape seed oil, on the other hand, doesn't start smoking until it reaches 420 degrees. You don't have to worry about grape seed oil's flavor and aroma changing either because of its neutrality. There are low-quality, chemically refined olive oils, such as olive-pomace oil, that withstand temperatures up to 468 degrees, but these oils are mainly used commercially -- for packing low-quality sardines and other seafood, for example -- and you never see them on store shelves. So, when it comes to frying, grape seed is your go-to oil.
 
:Finishing Touches
 
Finishing means adding a final ingredient that puts a finishing touch on a dish, but when it comes to high-quality olive oil, "anointing" might fit the technique better. Finishing oils need a robust yet restrained flavor and aroma to take the dish to greater heights without overpowering it -- basically everything grape seed oil lacks. When you have the choice between grape seed oil and extra-virgin olive oil for finishing a dish, choose an extra-virgin and drizzle it over your carpaccio, figs or prosciutto for an unforgettable final flourish.
 
:Mayonnaise and Dressings
 
Mayonnaise and dressings are the few dishes where choosing between grape seed and olive oil depends on your tastes. Traditionally, mayonnaise calls for a neutral oil, such as grape seed, but if you prefer more character in your mayonnaise, go with extra-virgin olive oil. The same goes for salad dressings; most recipes call for neutral vegetable oil, but if you want to add an elegant olive finish, use an extra-virgin oil instead.


In a further test of GSE’s antioxidant properties, a team of Nigerian researchers studied the extract’s abilities to protect test animals against heart muscle damage from oxidative stress. To induce oxidative stress in laboratory rats, researchers gave the animals large doses of doxorubicin, an anticancer drug that is known to have a variety of cardiotoxic side effects. Some test animals were treated with GSE before receiving doxorubicin, and others received it after the doxorubicin had been administered. Researchers found that all animals treated with GSE exhibited significantly less heart muscle damage than those that didn’t receive GSE. Researchers published their findings in a 2009 issue of “International Journal of Cancer Research.”


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