Black Cohosh

Herbal Remedies and Medicinal Cures for Diseases, Ailments & Illnesses that afflict Humans and Animals
Aloe Vera • Astragalus • Bankoro • Bilberry • Bitter Gourd (Ampalaya) • Bitter Orange • Black Cohosh • Cat's Claw • Chamomile • Chasteberry • Coconut • Cranberry • Dandelion • Echinacea • Ephedra • European Elder Tree • Evening Primrose • Fenugreek • Feverfew • Flaxseed • Garlic • Ginger • Ginkgo • Ginseng (Asian) • Golden Seal • Grape Seed • Green Tea • Hawthorn • Hoodia • Horse Chestnut • Kava • Lavender • Licorice • Malunggay Moringa Oleifera • Milk Thistle • Mistletoe • Passion Flower • Peppermint Oil • Red Clover • Ringworm Bush (Akapulko) – Cassia alata • Saw Palmetto • St. John's Wort • Tawa Tawa • Turmeric • Valerian • Yohimbe •
accept the bitter to get better

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Black Cohosh Bottle Brush Flowers

Dietary supplement is a product that contains vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and/or other ingredients intended to supplement the diet. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has special labeling requirements for dietary supplements and treats them as foods, not drugs. Manufacturers and distributors of dietary supplements and dietary ingredients are prohibited from marketing products that are adulterated or misbranded. That means that these firms are responsible for evaluating the safety and labeling of their products before marketing to ensure that they meet all the requirements of DSHEA and FDA regulations.

Wars of ancient history were about possessions, territory, power, control, family, betrayal, lover's quarrel, politics and sometimes religion. But we are in the Modern era and supposedly more educated and enlightened . Think about this. Don't just brush off these questions. Why is RELIGION still involved in WARS? Isn't religion supposed to be about PEACE? Ask yourself; What religion always campaign to have its religious laws be accepted as government laws, always involved in wars and consistently causing WARS, yet insists that it's a religion of peace? WHY?? There are only two kinds of people who teach tolerance: The Bullies. They want you to tolerate them so they can continue to maliciously deprive you. Do not believe these bullies teaching tolerance, saying that it’s the path to prevent hatred and prejudice. The victims who are waiting for the right moment to retaliate. They can’t win yet, so they tolerate.

Black Cohosh

The medicinal herb Black Cohosh as an alternative herbal remedy for rheumatism, arthritis - Black cohosh is a plant native to North America.Common Names--black cohosh, black snakeroot, macrotys, bugbane, bugwort, rattleroot, rattleweed

Latin Names--Actaea racemosa, Cimicifuga racemosa Picture of Black Cohosh

• Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) has been used for thousands of years by Native Americans. It has become more well-known in the Western world through research on its supportive effect on hormone functioning and support of the female reproductive system. (Liske E. "Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders".Adv Ther. 1998 Jan-Feb;15(1):45-53. Review.) (Frei-Kleiner S, Schaffner W, Rahlfs VW, Bodmer Ch, Birkhäuser M. "Cimicifuga racemosa dried ethanolic extract in menopausal disorders: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial". Maturitas. 2005 Aug 16;51(4):397-404. Epub 2004 Dec 10. PMID: 16039414.)

What Black Cohosh Is Used

For Black cohosh has a history of use for rheumatism (arthritis and muscle pain), but has been used more recently to treat hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and other symptoms that can occur during menopause. Black cohosh has also been used for menstrual irregularities and premenstrual syndrome, and to induce labor. Herbal remedy for menopausal symptons.

Herbal Remedy Products with Black Cohosh as part of the ingredients

Fertile XX™ - Herbal remedy to help promote effective female reproductive system support for fertility and healthy natural ovulation Promotes fertility by supporting female reproductive health Helps maintain menstrual cycle regularity Supports healthy, regular ovulation and egg production Encourages healthy fertility hormone levels Tonic benefits support healthy conditions for conception Promotes healthy libido and sexual pleasure Maintains balanced mood for sustained well-being Promotes overall systemic health and functioning

MellowPause™ - Herbal remedy to support hormonal balance, healthy sleep patterns and reduce common hot flashes during menopause Reduces common hot flashes Supports balanced mood and routine calmness Maintains healthy sleeping patterns Supports hormonal balance during perimenopause and menopause

How Black Cohosh Is Used

The underground stems and roots of black cohosh are commonly used fresh or dried to make strong teas (infusions), capsules, solid extracts used in pills, or liquid extracts (tinctures).

What the Science Says about Black Cohosh

• Study results are mixed on whether black cohosh effectively relieves menopausal symptoms.
• Studies to date have been less than 6 months long, so long-term safety data are not currently available.
• NCCAM is funding studies to determine whether black cohosh reduces the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.
• There are not enough reliable data to determine whether black cohosh is effective for rheumatism or other uses.

Side Effects and Cautions about Black Cohosh

• Black cohosh can cause headaches and stomach discomfort. In clinical trials comparing the effects of the herb and those of estrogens, a low number of side effects were reported, such as headaches, gastric complaints, heaviness in the legs, and weight problems.
• No interactions have been reported between black cohosh and prescription medicines.
• Black cohosh has recently been linked to a few cases of hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), but it is not clear whether black cohosh caused the problem.
• It is not clear if black cohosh is safe for women who have had breast cancer or for pregnant women.
• Black cohosh should not be confused with blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), which has different properties, treatment uses, and side effects than black cohosh. Black cohosh is sometimes used with blue cohosh to stimulate labor, but this therapy has caused adverse effects in newborns, which appear to be due to blue cohosh.
• It is important to inform your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including black cohosh. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.

News About Black Cohosh

Is Black Tea the Same Thing As Black Cohosh Tea?

• Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/black-tea-same-thing-black-cohosh-tea-2285.html

By Kathryn Meininger (Demand Media)

Confusing the benefits of black tea with those of black cohosh tea could prove disastrous. Black tea and black cohosh are two very different types of teas. A refreshing cup of black tea is often enjoyed in the morning in place of a cup of coffee, or in the evening to relax and wind down. Black cohosh tea is not a culinary beverage, but a tea used as an herbal remedy to combat some of the symptoms of menopause. Both teas may offer health benefits, but consult your physician before using either tea to treat a health condition.

What is Black Tea?

Second only to water, black tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, according to Janet Tietyen, a nutritionist at the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. Black tea is brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which have been allowed to ferment, or oxidize, fully before drying. This accounts for black tea's high concentrations of the amino acid theanine and certain antioxidants called theaflavins, as well as thearubigens, which give black tea its dark reddish-black color. Drinking black tea may also offer you some health benefits, although scientific evidence hasn't proved this conclusively. Black Tea Effects

Black tea contains the stimulant caffeine, with 11 to 61 milligrams of caffeine in an 8-ounce cup, according to MayoClinic.com. Although more scientific studies on its health effects are needed, drinking black tea appears to offer you some protection against developing heart disease and atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. It may also retard the growth of some cancers, including skin, liver, lung, esophageal, stomach, colon and breast cancers. Hold the milk if you drink black tea for its health benefits. A 2006 study published in "The European Heart Journal" found adding dairy products to black tea counteracted its positive effects on the vascular system. Possible side effects of black tea are associated with its caffeine content and include heartburn, rapid heartbeat and insomnia.

What is Black Cohosh Tea?

Although in name it appears similar, black cohosh tea is a completely different type of tea than black tea. Also known in folk medicine as bugbane and rattleroot, black cohosh is harvested from the roots and rhizomes, or underground stems, of the Actaea racemosa plant. Black cohosh, a relative to the buttercup, grows in the forests of North America. It contains different active substances than black tea, offering high concentrations of sugar compounds called glycosides and fukinolic acid, a substance which may have some estrogen-like properties.

Black Cohosh Tea Effects

Black cohosh tea has no caffeine and isn't a stimulant. Its estrogen-like effects may help relieve menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness and anxiety. It is also used to alleviate inflammation due to arthritis and pre-menstrual symptoms, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Keep in mind that the efficacy of black cohosh hasn't been proven and there are some safety concerns. Black cohosh can cause intestinal distress, headache and slow heart rate. Never take black cohosh without your doctor's approval, especially if you have had a hormone-sensitive cancer, such as breast cancer, or are taking medication that affects your liver.

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Black Cohosh for Hot Flashes?

• Source:https://www.verywell.com/black-cohosh-for-hot-flashes-89660

By Cathy Wong, ND (Reviewed by a board-certified physician)

Black cohosh is an herbal remedy often recommended for the treatment of hot flashes. A common symptom of menopause, hot flashes are thought to result from changes in estrogen levels. While some proponents claim that black cohosh can act as a phytoestrogen, studies testing black cohosh's effects on hot flashes have yielded mixed results so far. The Science Behind Black Cohosh and Hot Flashes

For a 2010 report published in Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, researchers analyzed nine clinical trials on the use of black cohosh for the treatment of menopausal symptoms (including hot flashes).

Results revealed that herbal formulas containing black cohosh improved overall menopausal symptoms by 26 percent. However, in a research review published in Drugs & Aging the previous year, scientists sized up 16 studies on black cohosh and menopausal symptoms and deemed their results inconclusive (largely due to flaws in study design).

There is also limited support for the theory that black cohosh can cool hot flashes among postmenopausal women undergoing or finished with breast cancer treatment. In a 2006 study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, for instance, researchers found that taking black cohosh for four weeks failed to reduce hot flashes among breast cancer patients. While participants given a placebo reported a 27 percent decrease in hot flashes, those treated with black cohosh reported only a 20 percent decrease in hot flashes.

Caveats

The safety of long-term use of black cohosh is uncertain, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM).

In fact, the NCCAM warns that there have been several reports of hepatitis and liver failure among women who were taking black cohosh. In addition, black cohosh may cause a number of minor side effects (such as stomach pain, headache, and rash).

Supplements haven't been tested for safety and due to the fact that dietary supplements are largely unregulated, the content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label.

Also keep in mind that the safety of supplements in pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications has not been established. You can get additional tips on using supplements here.

Using Black Cohosh for Hot Flashes

For help in soothing hot flashes, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods; eating soy foods; exercising regularly; and practicing slow, deep breathing whenever you feel a hot flash coming on. Receiving acupuncture or taking up tai chi, yoga, or meditation may also help ease menopausal symptoms, according to the NIH.

If you're considering the use of black cohosh in treatment of hot flashes (or any other condition), make sure to talk to your primary care provider before starting your supplement regimen. Keep in mind that alternative medicine should not be used as a substitute for standard care. Self-treating a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.

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5 natural, non-hormonal solutions for menopause symptoms

• Source:http://www.foxnews.com/health/2016/04/05/5-natural-non-hormonal-solutions-for-menopause-symptoms.html

By Julie Revelant

Between those dreaded hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and hours spent tossing and turning at night, menopause is downright miserable. Hormone replacement therapy is one option, but if you’re concerned about the risks or want to try natural fixes first, the good news is that there are non-hormonal remedies that can help.

Here are five of the most common symptoms of menopause and natural remedies to try.

1. Hot flashes It’s unclear what causes hot flashes, but they might be linked to the adrenal glands. When estrogen falls during menopause, the adrenal glands can become deficient, which then causes a surge of cortisol to be released and, in turn, hot flashes, said Dr. Prudence Hall, founder of The Hall Center in Santa Monica, Calif.

Approximately 80 percent of women will experience hot flashes and about 10 percent will have significant hot flashes that last for over 10 years, said Dr. Mary Jane Minkin, a clinical professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Conn. and author of “A Woman’s Guide to Sexual Health.”

Herbs such as black cohosh, wild yam, Korean ginseng and red clover can help, but you should consult with a physician, naturopath or herbalist to make sure you choose a reputable brand. Also, avoid triggers like wine and spicy foods, try adding soy foods to your diet and dress in layers.

Although exercise will likely make your hot flashes worse while you’re doing it, it can help alleviate symptoms throughout the day. In fact, women who reported less than three sessions a week of physical activity had more severe symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes, compared to women who were more active, a study in the journal Menopause found. Losing weight can also help hot flashes since heavy women have worse hot flashes than slimmer women, Minkin said.

2. Night sweats Approximately 95 percent of women will also deal with night sweats, which is not only uncomfortable, but it makes getting a good night’s sleep nearly impossible.

To feel better, adjust the thermostat, try cooling sheets, pillows or blankets and wear moisture-wicking pajamas.

3. Vaginal dryness Unlike hot flashes that tend to get better with time, unfortunately vaginal dryness gets worse. The decrease in estrogen levels cause the vaginal tissues to become thin and dry, which leads to discomfort, itching, irritation and pain during sexual intimacy. If it’s not treated, vaginal dryness can lead to atrophic vaginitis, a condition that causes the walls of the vagina to become inflamed.

Some things to try include long-lasting over-the-counter moisturizers that can be used two to three times a week, or coconut oil and personal lubricants when you have sex.

4. Insomnia Restlessness, waking up several times throughout the night, or trouble falling asleep are all common during menopause.

Questioning who you are or your life’s purpose— which is common during this stage of life— can cause anxiety and also make sleeping difficult, Hall said.

Make a point to exercise every day, which can help you sleep, but do it too close to bedtime and it might keep you up.

Avoid known triggers like alcohol and caffeine, and practice good sleep hygiene by keeping your bedroom cool and dark and powering down electronics one to two hours before you get into bed.

Acupuncture can help relieve sleep disturbances associated with menopause too, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology.

5. Irritability During menopause, there are many factors at play that can cause you to feel on edge.

For starters, when estrogen is low, it can affect the neurotransmitters in the brain and lead to irritability and mood swings. If your libido is low and your body isn’t releasing oxytocin, the “love hormone” during an orgasm, your mood can suffer. Not to mention that if you’re not sleeping, you’re bound to feel crabby.

To cope, find opportunities to de-stress and relax, whether it’s heading to the spa for a massage, meditating or meeting friends for dinner. If your poor mood persists, it’s important to see your doctor because thyroid levels can plummet during menopause, which might be the real reason you’re feeling low.

Although menopause is no walk in the park, it’s important to take time to take care of yourself.

“Even if we’ve given our care, our love and our attention to everyone else, now is the time for ourselves so we stay full of light, love and life,” Hall said.

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Going the alternative route in menopause

• Source:http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/health/2014/11/11/going-the-alternative-route-in-menopause/

(The Star)

Complementary and alternative therapies to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, there’re a few things to keep in mind.

MENOPAUSE is the cessation of a woman’s reproductive life, and its diagnosis is made when there has been no periods for 12 continuous months.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, the marketing claim that CAM are “natural” is no guarantee of its safety or efficacy.

Prego

Studies have reported that acupuncture reduces the severity and frequency of hot flushes for up to three months. – AFP

Studies have reported that acupuncture reduces the severity and frequency of hot flushes for up to three months. – AFP

Complementary and alternative therapies to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, there’re a few things to keep in mind.

MENOPAUSE is the cessation of a woman’s reproductive life, and its diagnosis is made when there has been no periods for 12 continuous months.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, the marketing claim that CAM are “natural” is no guarantee of its safety or efficacy.

Pao Shen or American Ginseng, which used to cost RM9,000 per kg, now has a price tag of RM13,000 per kg. Ginseng has not been found to be better than placebo for menopausal symptoms in a randomised trial, but indicators of wellbeing and depression were reported to have improved. – Filepic

Yet, they are perceived by many as a safe alternative to hormone therapy (HT) when they should be used with the same caution as with all other medicines.

Some of the commonly used CAM are discussed below.

Phyto-oestrogens

Phyto-oestrogens are plant substances, which have weak oestrogen-like effects, because they have a similar chemical structure as oestrogen. They are found in soybeans, soy products, red clover, oilseeds, whole cereals and legumes. The main groups are isoflavones and lignans.

Most Asian diets have a high concentration of isoflavones and many Asian women have been reported to have lower rates of menopausal symptoms.

However, the results of randomised controlled trials of soy and red clover derivatives in Caucasians are conflicting. Reviews of studies of soy products on menopausal symptoms has had inconsistent results.

Breast mammographic density, which is a risk marker of breast cancer, is not affected by phyto-oestrogens in short-term studies. Long-term studies of its effect on the breast are lacking.

Some concern has been raised about an association between soy products and breast cancer, but there is no evidence in the scientific literature to suggest this.

Although there is no evidence that it increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence, women who are at increased risk of breast cancer, or are breast cancer survivors, are advised to avoid highly processed soy supplements, isoflavone-rich soy extracts or isoflavone capsules, as they appear to act differently in the body than foods made from soy beans or soy flour.

Herbs

A number of plant-based products (herbs or botanicals) have been used to treat menopausal symptoms like hot flushes. Some of the commonly used products are black cohosh, dong quai and ginseng.

Black cohosh has been licensed in some countries for short-term treatment of menopausal symptoms like hot flushes. A recent Cochrane review of clinical trials on black cohosh reported that it was not better than placebo in reducing the frequency of hot flushes or in improving menopausal symptoms.

The quality of the research was not of a sufficient standard to determine its effectiveness.

Side effects, which are uncommon, include transient gastrointestinal upsets and rashes, typically with first-time use, and if it is taken for a limited period of time at the recommended dose.

More serious adverse events have included liver damage, which is thought to be very rare.

Black cohosh should not be used in combination with HT or antihypertensive medicines, or when there is liver disease.

Little is known about its long-term safety and toxicity.

Dong quai, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been found to be better than placebo in relieving menopausal symptoms in a randomised trial.

Interaction with warfarin, a blood-thinning medicine, and photosensitivity reactions have been reported.

Ginseng has not been found to be better than placebo in a randomised trial, but indicators of wellbeing and depression were reported to have been improved.

It may increase high blood pressure. It should not be used with stimulants, blood-thinning products, diuretics or alcohol, as interactions have been reported.

There are also reports associating ginseng with postmenopausal bleeding.

Evening primrose oil contains large amounts of the fatty acid gammalinolenic acid. There is no evidence of its effectiveness in treating menopausal vasomotor symptoms.

It should not be used in epilepsy sufferers, or users of phenothiazines or blood-thinning products like aspirin, warfarin, vitamin E supplements, garlic and ginger.

St John’s wort is effective in the treatment of depression in menopausal women. Its use in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms has not been proven. It should not be used with several medicines like antidepressants, blood-thinning and HIV medicines, theophylline, digoxin and some cancer medicines, because of drug interactions.

It may also cause breakthrough bleeding and contraceptive failure when used with oral contraceptives.

Wild yam has not been found effective. It is dangerous for women to substitute wild yam or progesterone creams for prescribed progestogens when using combined oestrogen/progestogen HT, because such creams cannot counter the effect of oestrogen on the endometrium, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer.

Prego Studies have reported that acupuncture reduces the severity and frequency of hot flushes for up to three months. – AFP

Studies have reported that acupuncture reduces the severity and frequency of hot flushes for up to three months. – AFP

Complementary and alternative therapies to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, there’re a few things to keep in mind.

MENOPAUSE is the cessation of a woman’s reproductive life, and its diagnosis is made when there has been no periods for 12 continuous months.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to help women with menopause are popular in many countries. However, the marketing claim that CAM are “natural” is no guarantee of its safety or efficacy.

Pao Shen or American Ginseng, which used to cost RM9,000 per kg, now has a price tag of RM13,000 per kg. Ginseng has not been found to be better than placebo for menopausal symptoms in a randomised trial, but indicators of wellbeing and depression were reported to have improved. – Filepic

Yet, they are perceived by many as a safe alternative to hormone therapy (HT) when they should be used with the same caution as with all other medicines.

Some of the commonly used CAM are discussed below.

Phyto-oestrogens

Phyto-oestrogens are plant substances, which have weak oestrogen-like effects, because they have a similar chemical structure as oestrogen. They are found in soybeans, soy products, red clover, oilseeds, whole cereals and legumes. The main groups are isoflavones and lignans.

Most Asian diets have a high concentration of isoflavones and many Asian women have been reported to have lower rates of menopausal symptoms.

However, the results of randomised controlled trials of soy and red clover derivatives in Caucasians are conflicting. Reviews of studies of soy products on menopausal symptoms has had inconsistent results.

Breast mammographic density, which is a risk marker of breast cancer, is not affected by phyto-oestrogens in short-term studies. Long-term studies of its effect on the breast are lacking.

Some concern has been raised about an association between soy products and breast cancer, but there is no evidence in the scientific literature to suggest this.

Although there is no evidence that it increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence, women who are at increased risk of breast cancer, or are breast cancer survivors, are advised to avoid highly processed soy supplements, isoflavone-rich soy extracts or isoflavone capsules, as they appear to act differently in the body than foods made from soy beans or soy flour.

Herbs

A number of plant-based products (herbs or botanicals) have been used to treat menopausal symptoms like hot flushes. Some of the commonly used products are black cohosh, dong quai and ginseng.

Black cohosh has been licensed in some countries for short-term treatment of menopausal symptoms like hot flushes. A recent Cochrane review of clinical trials on black cohosh reported that it was not better than placebo in reducing the frequency of hot flushes or in improving menopausal symptoms.

The quality of the research was not of a sufficient standard to determine its effectiveness.

Side effects, which are uncommon, include transient gastrointestinal upsets and rashes, typically with first-time use, and if it is taken for a limited period of time at the recommended dose.

More serious adverse events have included liver damage, which is thought to be very rare.

Black cohosh should not be used in combination with HT or antihypertensive medicines, or when there is liver disease.

Little is known about its long-term safety and toxicity.

Dong quai, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been found to be better than placebo in relieving menopausal symptoms in a randomised trial.

Interaction with warfarin, a blood-thinning medicine, and photosensitivity reactions have been reported.

Ginseng has not been found to be better than placebo in a randomised trial, but indicators of wellbeing and depression were reported to have been improved.

It may increase high blood pressure. It should not be used with stimulants, blood-thinning products, diuretics or alcohol, as interactions have been reported.

There are also reports associating ginseng with postmenopausal bleeding.

Evening primrose oil contains large amounts of the fatty acid gammalinolenic acid. There is no evidence of its effectiveness in treating menopausal vasomotor symptoms.

It should not be used in epilepsy sufferers, or users of phenothiazines or blood-thinning products like aspirin, warfarin, vitamin E supplements, garlic and ginger.

St John’s wort is effective in the treatment of depression in menopausal women. Its use in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms has not been proven. It should not be used with several medicines like antidepressants, blood-thinning and HIV medicines, theophylline, digoxin and some cancer medicines, because of drug interactions.

It may also cause breakthrough bleeding and contraceptive failure when used with oral contraceptives.

Wild yam has not been found effective. It is dangerous for women to substitute wild yam or progesterone creams for prescribed progestogens when using combined oestrogen/progestogen HT, because such creams cannot counter the effect of oestrogen on the endometrium, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer. There are very few studies of the use of reflexology in menopause. It has been reported to reduce sleep disorders in menopausal women. There are very few studies of the use of reflexology in menopause. It has been reported to reduce sleep disorders in menopausal women. – Filepic

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

DHEA, which is produced by the adrenal gland, is a precursor of oestrogen and testosterone. Its blood levels drop dramatically with age.

DHEA is classified as a food supplement in some countries. It is often used for anti-ageing effects, but there is no supporting evidence.

Some studies have reported benefits on the skeleton, cognition, well-being, libido and the vagina, but no effect on hot flushes. The short-term side effects are still controversial and possible harmful effects of long-term use are, as yet, unknown.

Complementary therapies

There are various complementary techniques that purport to treat menopausal symptoms. They include acupuncture, reflexology, hypnotherapy, etc.

There is very limited data available on these techniques and more research is needed to understand their possible effects.

Acupuncture has been used in various ways and has been shown to be effective in pain relief. Studies have reported that acupuncture reduced the severity and frequency of hot flushes for up to three months. Adverse effects, although infrequent, have been reported, and include hepatitis and air in the chest (pneumothorax).

Reflexology involves the application of pressure to specific sites on the feet to treat various conditions. There are very few studies of its use in menopause. It has been reported to reduce sleep disorders in menopausal women.

It is advisable for anyone considering CAM for menopausal symptoms to remember that:

– Although many dietary supplements and some prescription medicines originate from natural sources, “natural” does not always mean “safe”, because adverse effects have been reported. This has led to the issuance of warnings for some products by many drug regulators worldwide.

– A dietary supplement may contain several compounds, and its active ingredients may be unknown. It is essential to remember that what is on the label may not be what is in the bottle as analyses have found differences between the labelled and actual ingredients.

– It is vital to inform doctors and nurses of any CAM that one is using so that drug interactions can be avoided.

Regulatory mechanisms have been put in place by which medicines are registered for human use. The contrast between requirements in the assessment and development of pharmaceutical medicines and the minimal research with CAMs is striking.

A woman who is prescribed and dispensed CAM for menopause is entitled to be protected by regulators and provided information about the evidence upon which the CAM is believed to work.

Until research data that stands up to scientific scrutiny are available, the consumer has to remember to apply the same caution with CAM as with all other medicines.

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The Benefits of Black Cohosh

• Source:https://www.verywell.com/black-cohosh-88875

By Cathy Wong, ND (Reviewed by a board-certified physician)

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is a plant used in herbal medicine. A member of the buttercup family, it has a long history of use in the treatment of arthritis and muscle pain. Today, however, black cohosh is commonly taken for relief of symptoms associated with menopause.

Fukinolic acid (a compound found in black cohosh) appears to have estrogen-like activity. Proponents suggest that black cohosh's potentially estrogen-like effects may be beneficial to women as they experience menopause-related declines in their estrogen levels (a key factor in the development of menopausal symptoms).

To that end, black cohosh is sometimes touted as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy.

Uses for Black Cohosh

Black cohosh is used as a natural remedy for a number of menopause-related symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, disturbances in mood, and vaginal dryness.

In addition, black cohosh is sometimes used to treat menstrual irregularities and alleviate symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Research on Black Cohosh

While black cohosh is among the most popular natural remedies for menopausal symptoms, studies testing its effectiveness have produced conflicting results.

The most comprehensive research on black cohosh and menopausal symptoms includes a report published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2012. For this report, scientists looked at 16 previously published clinical trials (with a total of 2,027 women) that compared the effects of black cohosh to those of a placebo, hormone replacement therapy, red clover, and other interventions in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.

In their analysis, the review's authors found no significant difference between black cohosh and placebo in the relief of hot flashes. What's more, hormone replacement therapy appeared to be more effective than black cohosh for hot flash relief. Due to insufficient data, no firm conclusions could be drawn as to black cohosh's effectiveness in treating symptoms such as vaginal dryness and night sweats.

Since the reviewed studies were of "uncertain quality," the report's authors concluded that further research on the use of black cohosh in treatment of menopausal symptoms is warranted.

It should also be noted that very few studies have evaluated black cohosh's effectiveness as a treatment for menstrual problems. Still, some preliminary research (including a rat-based study published in the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2007) indicates that black cohosh may help reduce menstrual pain.

Side Effects & Safety Concerns

Use of black cohosh may trigger a range of side effects, such as: headache, heaviness in the legs, indigestion, low blood pressure, nausea, perspiration, vomiting, and weight gain.

Excessive doses of black cohosh may cause seizures, visual disturbances and slow or irregular heartbeat.

There have been several case reports of hepatitis and liver failure among women taking black cohosh. Although it's not known whether black cohosh contributed to the development of these conditions, United States Pharmacopeia experts urge women to discontinue use of black cohosh and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, dark urine, and jaundice.

Additionally, black cohosh should be avoided by people with hormone-sensitive conditions (such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids), as well as by those with a history of blood clots, stroke, seizures, and/or liver disease. Individuals taking medications for high blood pressure should also avoid black cohosh.

Due to its possible estrogen-like activity, there's some concern that black cohosh could interfere with the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptives.

The safety of black cohosh in pregnant or breastfeeding women or children hasn't been established. Black cohosh could stimulate uterine contractions and result in miscarriage.

In August 2006, Health Canada advised consumers of the possible link between black cohosh and liver damage. In June 2007, the United States Pharmacopeia proposed that black cohosh product labels contain a cautionary statement. The American Botanical Council has countered that there is insufficient evidence to warrant the proposed caution.

Black cohosh should not be confused with the herb blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), white cohosh, bugbane, Cimicifuga foetida, sheng ma or white baneberry. These species have different effects, and blue cohosh and white cohosh, in particular, can be toxic. There is a case report of neurological complications in a post-term baby after labor induction with a herbal blend of black cohosh and blue cohosh.

People with allergies to plants in the buttercup (Ranunculaceae) family should avoid black cohosh.

Black cohosh contains small amounts of salicylic acid, so people with allergies to aspirin or salicylates should avoid black cohosh.

People with a history of blood clots or stroke, seizures, liver disease and those who are taking medications for high blood pressure should not use black cohosh.

Black cohosh may interfere with the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin.

Black cohosh supplements haven't been tested for safety and keep in mind that the safety of supplements in pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications has not been established. You can get tips on using supplements here, but if you're considering the use of black cohosh, talk with your primary care provider first. Alternatives to Black Cohosh

There's some evidence that alternative therapies like acupuncture may be of some benefit to women going through menopause. Studies suggest that acupuncture may help reduce hot flashes and improve sleep quality in menopausal women.

Natural remedies such as red clover, soy, St. John's wort, progesterone cream, and evening primrose oil also show promise in the treatment of menopause-related symptoms. However, as in the case of black cohosh, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these remedies.

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Women's health: Menopausal symptoms and nonhormonal therapy

• Source:http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/health/4028190-womens-health-menopausal-symptoms-and-nonhormonal-therapy

(Mayo Clinic News Network)

Q: Is there anything that can be done for menopausal symptoms that doesn’t include taking hormones? I’ve had breast cancer in the past so am unable to take hormones, but I wake up nearly every night because of night sweats and have occasional hot flashes during the day.

A: There are options for managing night sweats and hot flashes that do not involve taking hormones. Many women find that making some lifestyle changes can make a big difference. In addition, several prescription medications that do not contain hormones are available to treat hot flashes.

As you mention, doctors often advise women who have had breast cancer not to take hormone therapy for menopause symptoms. But that does not mean you have to simply suffer through those symptoms.

A good first step is to take a look at adjustments you can make in your day-to-day routines. For example, staying cool and lowering your stress can reduce the likelihood of hot flashes and night sweats. Some tips that may help include the following:

Try to avoid hot, spicy foods, warm beverages, caffeine and alcohol, as these are common hot flash triggers. When choosing clothing in the morning, dress in layers, so you can remove a layer if you get too warm. Pick light, breathable fabrics.

To minimize night sweats, make your bedroom cool and comfortable. Lower the temperature in your room and use layers of bedding you can remove easily during the night. Keep a small fan near your bedside, along with a glass of cold water. Some women put a frozen cold pack under their pillow, too.

To lower your stress and to help you sleep better, exercise regularly. Other stress reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, qigong, tai chi, acupuncture and massage can also be useful. When used during hot flashes, a form of deep breathing called paced respirations may also reduce your symptoms.

Making choices to improve your health can make a difference, too. For example, along with other serious health problems, smoking raises your risk for hot flashes. If you smoke, talk to your health care provider about programs and resources in your area that can help you stop smoking. Your weight can also have an impact. Women who are overweight tend to have more hot flashes, so try to get to and stay at a healthy weight.

If lifestyle changes are not enough to give you relief from hot flashes, you may want to consider taking a prescription medication that does not contain hormones. A number of options are available. For your situation, a drug called gabapentin may be a good choice. Gabapentin can also cause drowsiness, so it is often recommended for women who have bothersome night sweats.

Other medications that can be effective include certain drugs that are approved to treat depression, but also reduce hot flashes in women without depression. Venlafaxine, escitalopram and paroxetine are examples of these medications. But be aware that you should not take paroxetine if you take tamoxifen for breast cancer.

Some people tout nonprescription medications as being useful for reducing hot flashes. Be careful with these. In many cases, their effectiveness has not been confirmed. Some of them are associated with an increased risk of other health problems. The herbal supplement black cohosh, for instance, is sometimes cited as being useful for minimizing hot flashes. But it has not been shown to be effective, and it may cause liver damage.

If you are interested in taking medication for your hot flashes, talk to your doctor about which one is right for you. It may also be useful to talk with a physician who specializes in women’s health issues. At Mayo Clinic, specialists in the Women’s Health Clinic are available for this purpose. Many other health care organizations offer this type of service, as well.

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Herb to Know: Black Cohosh

• Source:http://www.motherearthliving.com/mother-earth-living/an-herb-to-know-19.aspx

By Betsy Strauch

• Cimicifuga racemosa

• (Sim-ih-SIFF-you-guh rass-eh-MOE-suh)

• Family Ranunculaceae

• Hardy perennial

The genus Cimicifuga comprises twelve species of erect her­baceous perennial plants that are native to north temperate regions. Black cohosh (C. racemosa), the species probably most familiar to herb gardeners, is a wildflower of moist or dry woods in eastern North America and is also cultivated as an ornamental.

Black cohosh produces clumps of strong stems 3 to 8 feet tall. Large, alternate green leaves are pinnately compound with toothed leaflets. Long, graceful wands of small, starry white flowers held above the foliage bloom from June through September. The flowers have no petals, and the greenish white sepals fall off soon after a flower opens, leaving a tuft of showy stamens surrounding a single pistil. The flowers are thought to be pollinated by green flesh flies.

The generic name Cimicifuga comes from the Latin cimex, a kind of bug, and fugare, “to put to flight”. Bugbane is the English equivalent. Both names refer to the belief that the plants’ strong odor repels insects. Indeed, tops of the “unpleasantly elder-scented” Eurasian species C. foetida used to be dried and stuffed into pillows and mattresses for this purpose. Racemosa means “in the form of a raceme” and refers to the arrangement of individual flowers on an elongated stalk.

The word cohosh comes from an Algonquian word meaning “rough” and refers to the plant’s lumpy blackish rhizomes. An alternate common name, rattletop, refers to the sound of the dry seeds in their pods atop the flower stalks.

Medicinal Uses

Native Americans used the rhizome to relieve menstrual cramps and to ease childbirth, hence another common name—squawroot. Blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), a wildflower in the barberry family (Berberidaceae), is known as squawroot for the same reason. Black cohosh was an ingredient of Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, a patent remedy for “female complaints” that was popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has also been used to treat arthritis, coughs, diabetes, tinnitus, dropsy, neuralgia, malaria, yellow fever, and so forth. The alternate common name black snakeroot (C. racemosa is only one of many herbs known as snakeroot) refers to the rhizomes’ use in poultices to treat snakebite.

Black cohosh has been considered both a relaxant and a mild tonic. Studies have shown extracts of the rhizome to be anti-inflammatory and to lower blood pressure in laboratory animals. Nevertheless, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration finds “no pharmacologic evidence of any therapeutic value.”

Large doses can cause nausea, dizziness, or miscarriage.

Other Uses For Black Cohosh

Black cohosh is not commonly used for food. However, the leaves of the Asiatic species C. simplex are eaten boiled, and the fragrant root is used as a spice. The flowers and seed heads of both species make good cut flowers.

Black cohosh is beautiful at the back of a shady border or woodland wildflower garden. It combines well with ferns and coarse-leaved plants such as hostas. C. simplex, similar to black cohosh but shorter, blooms in late fall. Fall-blooming anemones and heleniums are attractive companions.

Growing Black Cohosh

Black cohosh is hardy in zones 3 through 10. Ideal conditions are light shade and rich, moist, humusy soil; however, plants will tolerate full sun or full shade and can withstand summer drought when established. Amend lean soils with peat moss or compost. Set plants 2 feet apart. They need no staking. Mulch with compost or aged manure in the fall. Plants can remain where they are indefinitely, but to increase your stock, divide established plants in early spring. If you have none to divide, consider buying one and dividing it in a year or two. Propagating plants from seed is possible but not for the impatient: germination can take as long as a year. Holding seeds planted in moist potting mix for three months at 70°F followed by three months at 40° is reported to result in high germination.

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Finding a Cure for Hot Flashes

• Source:https://www.thesequitur.com/finding-a-cure-for-hot-flashes-661669/

(The Sequitur)

Most women in menopause are looking for a cure for hot flashes. Although a cure in the true sense of the word is still not available, there are some safe and effective methods to help you with your symptoms.

The cause for hot flashes is rather complex and still not completely understood. We know that estrogen is playing a role but it is not the only reason. For some women it is actually the opposite – estrogen dominance (too much estrogen) – that can cause the symptoms. Estrogen dominance can happen during the earlier stages of the menopause transition.

So if you add estrogen in hormone form to your body, your symptoms might even get worse. And that is about the last thing you want if you are suffering from “power surges”.

The best method to control hot flashes depends not only on the stage of your menopausal transition but also on some genetic differences and individual preferences.

During pre-menopause, your hormones go on a roller coaster: one day your estrogen is too high, the next day it is too low. Whereas in post-menopause, you will have low estrogen and progesterone levels in conjunction with some other hormones that are not in balance.

All these factors affect which remedy will work best for you. So in a nutshell, hot flashes are a complex problem and hot flash remedies must fit your individual hormone level and your body.

Unfortunately, there is no “one size fits all” solution for hot flash relief. Which method works best depends very much on YOU – your genetics, your cultural background, your life-long eating habits, your weight and the severity of your symptoms.

In essence there are three main ways to get relief:

Lifestyle changes are the least risky but also the most difficult to implement. It takes a lot of will power to give up those things that function as your hot flash triggers, or to loose weight and exercise regularly.

This is a large category that includes herbs, holistic remedies, home remedies for hot flashes, Chinese herbs, acupuncture and numerous other methods.

Which of the remedies work best for you is probably a matter of some trial and error. People react differently to the various herbs and remedies because of their genetic make up, lifestyle and preferences.

You may also find that over the course of your menopause transition you have to switch to a different remedy to effectively stop hot flashes. Early peri menopause has different problems than the later stages.

By far the most popular herbal remedy for hot flashes is Black Cohosh. It has a good safety record and has been widely researched. But Red Clover and Dong Quai are also well known hot flash remedies. All these herbs contain estrogen like substances called phytoestrogens.

Acupuncture is also a great natural treatment for hot flashes. Several trial have shown that it not only helps with hot flashes but it also helps with some of the other menopause symptoms.

Hormones and Medications are certainly an option for women with severe symptoms.

You have probably heard about the new “bioidenticals”? Bioidenticals are plant based hormones, which promise to bring your hormones back into balance and to provide a total menopause solution. Unfortunately it is also very expensive and there is a lot of unfounded claims being made by unscrupulous practitioners.

But hormone therapy has come a long way since Premarin and Prempro where the only medications out there. Even the science that warned women in menopause against the use of hormones is changing as more and more research is completed.

In some cases, doctors prescribe drugs as hot flash remedies that were developed for other illnesses. There is some active research about anti depressants for hot flashes that are promising. However, the side effects of prescription drugs should be taken into consideration.

So it stands to reason to start with the most natural cure for hot flashes before going for hormones or prescription drugs.

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What Is Black Cohosh Used for?

• Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/black-cohosh-used-for-5884.html

By Joanne Marie (Demand Media)

The black cohosh plant, also called bugbane or black snakeroot, is native to North American forests. A member of the buttercup family, black cohosh roots and underground stems have medicinal properties that were recognized centuries ago by Native Americans. Supplements containing black cohosh root may be useful in treating menopausal symptoms and for several other health problems.

Traditional Uses

Traditionally, Native Americans used black cohosh root to relieve menstrual cramps, menopausal hot flashes and sleep problems. During the 19th century, herbal practitioners in the U.S. recommended the herb for colds, coughs, backache, to improve lactation and as a remedy for rheumatism and fever. In Germany today, black cohosh is approved by the government's regulatory agency as a remedy for menstrual discomfort and menopausal problems. Roots and rhizomes of black cohosh plants contain a number of different natural compounds. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the primary components with biological activity are chemicals in a class called terpenes; two of these terpenes are called actein and cimifugoside.

Menopausal Benefits

According to several research studies, consuming black cohosh supplements may help relieve menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats. For example, in a clinical trial published in "Advances in Therapy," 120 female subjects with menopausal symptoms took either black cohosh or an anti-depressant for a total of six months. Both groups experienced improved symptoms, but the herb-treated group had greater improvement than the group that took the drug alone. While these are promising results, larger, double-blind studies that include an untreated, placebo group are needed to confirm the usefulness of black cohosh as a relief for menopause-related problems. Other Uses

Black cohosh root may also have anti-inflammatory properties, making it potentially useful in relieving discomfort from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In a review published in "Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology," researchers evaluated several herbal remedies for arthritis and concluded that black cohosh is among those with strong anti-inflammatory activity. According to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, compounds in black cohosh may also have anti-cancer properties, possibly suppressing growth of prostate cancer cells and causing liver cancer cells to die. However, the positive evidence comes from laboratory research studies with cultured cells. The Cancer Center says that, while such studies are suggestive, clinical trials with human subjects are necessary to confirm the herb's potential as a cancer treatment or preventive.

Recommendations

Black cohosh is available in capsules or tablets from health food stores. The recommended dose of the herb is 40 to 80 milligrams daily; choose a preparation standardized for its content of actein, one of the root's active ingredients. Although black cohosh is considered safe, high doses may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal problems, headache or tremors. Do not take black cohosh if you have a hormone-sensitive disorder such as cancer of the breast, uterus or ovary, or if you have a family history of breast cancer. Discuss black cohosh in detail with your physician to decide if it is a good choice for your situation.

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Black Cohosh for Perimenopause Symptoms

• Source:http://www.theperimenopauseblog.com/black-cohosh-for-perimenopause-symptoms/

(Magnolia, The Perimenopause Blog)

Black cohosh has become a very popular alternative remedy for relief of perimenopause symptoms. So popular in fact, that the medical community is taking notice and conducting clinical trials and studies on the effectiveness of the herb.

In 2001, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated that black cohosh may actually be helpful for women experiencing hot flashes and night sweats associated with perimenopause.

The Office of Dietary Supplements with The National Institute of Health also cites several randomized, double-blind studies which have been done on black cohosh, showing that it does appear to have some effect in decreasing excessive sweating, hot flashes, and night sweats in perimenopausal and menopausal women.

While researchers remain careful to refrain from definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of black cohosh; the good news is that according to the research they has been done, black cohosh does seem to be beneficial for some women in treating symptoms of perimenopause.

What is Black Cohosh?

Black cohosh is a native North American perennial plant of the buttercup family, found in both the United States and Canada. The botanical names are Actaea racemosa and Cimicifuga racemosa for those of you who are interested in such things. Other common names are black snakeroot, bugbane, bugwort, rattleroot, rattletop, rattleweed, and macrotys. Apparently, insects are not too fond of black cohosh, hence some of the names.

Historical Uses of Black Cohosh

North American Indians used black cohosh for a variety of physical conditions such as hives, constipation, kidney disorders, and even gynecological disorders.

19th Century America also used it as a home remedy for ailments like rheumatism and fevers, as a diuretic, and to promote menstrual cycles. Physicians used it enthusiastically for other reproductive maladies such as inflammation of the uterus or ovaries, infertility, and even for relief of labor pains.

Modern Uses of Black Cohosh

In addition to hot flashes and night sweats, according to WebMD, black cohosh is also used to treat headaches, mood changes, insomnia, vaginal dryness, and heart palpitations. There are even some preliminary studies which are looking at black cohosh as a preventative treatment for prostate cancer – again, according to WebMD.

How Should You Take Black Cohosh?

Black cohosh is the main ingredient in the popular over-the-counter dietary supplement Remifemin. On a personal note, I took Remifemin night formula for insomnia. It definitely helped me. (you can read the post wrote about it here.) Black cohosh can also be taken in capsules, solutions, tablets, tinctures, powders, and even teas.

How Much Should You Take?

There is no standardized treatment plan for the use of black cohosh. But, the typical dose suggested is 20 to 200 milligrams daily. For menopause symptoms, studies suggest 20 to 40 milligrams twice daily.

If you choose to take Remifemin, directions for dosage will be found on the box. However, it should be noted that more than 900 milligrams per day is considered an overdose. But, seriously, who is going to take that much?

Risks & Side Effects of Black Cohosh

In high doses, side effects of black cohosh can include headaches and upset stomach. Some people have developed liver problems, complained of gastric problems, and heaviness in the legs.

Black cohosh is not recommended for women who are pregnant, who have a history of breast or uterine cancer, or who have endometriosis. If you take birth control pills, use hormone replacement therapy, sedatives, or blood pressure medications, consult your physician before taking black cohosh.

Is Black Cohosh FDA Approved?

Black cohosh is sold as a dietary supplement in the United States and is therefore regulated as a food and not a drug. Because manufacturers do not have to provide evidence to the FDA that dietary supplements are effective or even safe before marketing, the composition of black cohosh may vary from product to product.

But, if you want my opinion ladies, there are plenty of drugs that are FDA approved that have been found to be dangerous to our health every, single day. So, as with any medication or supplements, exercise good judgment before you take it, making sure you have as much information as possible to make an informed decision.

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How to Grow Black Snakeroot From Seed

• Source:http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-black-snakeroot-seed-72909.html

By Bridget Kelly (Demand Media)

Black snakeroot (Sanicula marilandica) is a carrot relative and a perennial herb. Although it produces scented flowers in the summer, it is typically grown for its dark, almost black foliage. Black snakeroot provides a stunning focal point to a shady spot in the garden. Growing from 1 to 4 feet tall, it thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 8. The seed germination process differs, depending on whether the black snakeroot seed is fresh or if it has been stored, such as purchased packaged seed.

How to Grow Fresh Blacksnake Seed

1 Moisten a handful of peat moss and insert the black snakeroot seeds into it until they are completely enveloped. Place the bundle in a sandwich bag, seal it and leave it in the refrigerator for 90 days. Check the moisture content of the moss periodically. If it is drying out, drip water onto it until it’s slightly moist again. 2 Fill a germination container with soilless potting mix. The container can be anything, as long as it has holes in the bottom for drainage. Nursery flats work well if you’re planting lots of seeds; otherwise, a standard nursery pot will suffice. After filling the container with the mix, use your hands to press it down to firm it.

3 Sow the seeds on the surface of the mix and cover with a 1/8-inch layer of sand or perlite. Use water from a spray bottle to keep the top layer moist during germination.

4 Place the container in a polythene bag or cover it with plastic wrap. Place the container in a lightly shaded area on a heat mat set to 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

5 Remove the container from the bag when the seeds emerge. Keep the soil moist at all times and transplant the seedlings into individual pots filled with potting soil when they have their third set of leaves.

Grow Stored Black Snakeroot Seed

1 Sow the snakeroot seeds onto the surface of a germination container filled with moist, soilless planting mix. Cover them with a 1/8-inch layer of the mix. Enclose the container in a polythene bag or cover it with plastic wrap. Place the container on a heat mat set to 70 F. Allow it to remain for three months.

2 Move the covered container to the refrigerator and allow it to remain for an additional three months. Check the media periodically to ensure that it remains moist.

3 Place the covered germination container back on the 70-degree heat mat for another three months.

4 Remove the seedlings from the bag and transplant the seedlings into individual 3-inch pots filled with potting soil when they have their third set of leaves. Set the pots in a lightly shaded indoor area and keep the media slightly moist.

5 Harden off the black snakeroot seedlings before planting them outside. Choose a shady area outdoors and leave the potted seedlings there for four hours the first day. Gradually increase the amount of time they spend outdoors and the amount of sunlight they receive over two weeks.

6 Choose a partly shady area in which to plant the black snakeroot seedlings. Loosen the soil in the planting area to a depth of 6 inches. Improve heavy soil by digging in a 3-inch layer of compost. Moisten the area to a depth of 4 inches.

7 Plant the black snakeroot seedlings to the depth that they are growing in the pot and 24 inches apart.

Things You Will Need

• Peat moss

• Sealable polythene bag

• Germination container

• Soilless potting mix

• Heat mat

• Compost

• Shovel

Tip

If germination does not occur three months after the second warm stratification period, repeat the entire stratification process.

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Getting to the root of black cohosh's uses

• Source:http://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/getting-to-the-root-of-black-cohosh-s-uses-1.902222

By DONAL O'MATHUNA

DOES IT WORK? Black cohosh is often used in place of HRT, but does it have much impact?

MENOPAUSE IS a natural part of ageing, and begins as production of female hormones (particularly oestrogen) decreases. When it occurs varies, but it signals the end of a woman's child-bearing years. For some, the transition is relatively smooth, but for others it is a difficult time emotionally or physically.

Hot flushes, depression, vaginal dryness and irritation are the most common symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) became very popular until long-term studies published in 2002 found that some women were at risk of serious side effects.

Many women then turned to natural approaches to treat their menopausal symptoms, with black cohosh being one of the most popular.

Black cohosh is made from the underground parts of a North American plant that Native Americans called squawroot.

Evidence from studies

Recent interest in black cohosh began in the 1980s when several clinical studies were conducted with a German product called Remifemin. This product is of a type called a standardised extract.

Herbs naturally produce varying amounts of different ingredients, some of which can have medicinal properties. The amounts of these active ingredients vary with growing and production conditions.

When the active ingredients are known, manufacturers can ensure each batch contains a specific quantity. This is called a standardised product.

Remifemin is standardised to contain specific amounts of triterpene glycosides (although whether these are the active ingredients is unclear). All the German studies in the 1980s found that women improved with the herb and reported no adverse effects.

However, seven of these studies were not double-blinded. In other words, the women knew what they were receiving. Many studies have found that this tends to lead to more positive results than when studies are double-blinded.

Since those early studies, a small number of double-blind studies have been carried out and the results have varied widely. Most of these were conducted for three months or less. Only one found black cohosh of more benefit than placebo.

The largest and longest randomised, double-blind trial to date was published in 2006. Women were randomly put into groups taking black cohosh, a multiherb product, a placebo, soy products, or HRT. Only the group taking HRT had significantly better results compared to placebo. This study lasted one year, and during that time the menopausal symptoms in the placebo group decreased by almost one-third in both frequency and severity.

Thus, many women can expect their symptoms to improve over a year without taking anything.

Problematic aspects

Most women have no side effects from black cohosh, although intestinal problems and rashes can develop. These are usually rare, mild and reversible. On very rare occasions, liver problems have been reported.

Herbalists have traditionally used black cohosh to induce labour, leading many to urge that it not be used during early pregnancy or breast-feeding.

Blue cohosh and white cohosh are completely unrelated plants and should not be used in place of black cohosh.

Recommendations

Black cohosh appears to bring relief from some menopausal symptoms and is generally safe to take. However, much of the herb's reputation is based on traditional use and older trials that were not designed as well as possible.

More recent, better-designed studies have not had similarly positive results. Most producers recommend taking two to four milligrams of triterpenes daily.

Products vary in how much active ingredient they contain per tablet. Given the herb's good safety profile, it may provide some benefit for those who do not want to use hormonal therapies.

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Black Cohosh Herbal Remedy

• Source:http://www.goodnewsnaturally.com/black-cohosh-herbal-remedy/

(Good News Naturally)

Let’s talk about some new studies, a couple of new studies that I’m going to focus on right now, but the first one is on some new benefits that have been discovered with an herbal remedy referred to as black cohosh.

Now, many of you ladies listening may have heard of black cohosh because it has a long, long, history of benefit in research in the area of both perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms in general. Things like hot flashes and night sweats, and interrupted sleep, and things like that. Again, been around for a long, long time, but now there’s a new study that is found that it can be useful in helping to reduce fibroid tumors among postmenopausal women.

The study, which was published in the “Evidence-Based Complimentary and Alternative Medicine Journal”, looked at the progression of fibroid tumors in 62 women who would either take in black cohosh … And this was a very specific form of black cohosh standardized to its active ingredients and I’ll try to talk about that more in this segment.

They took that, either took black cohosh or a prescription drug for menopausal symptoms which you can guess was a thing like Premarin, for example, typically the synthetic drug used, and so, they had taken it 10 years earlier to treat menopausal symptoms. Now, what they ended up finding out was that the fibroids were smaller amongst those who had taken the herbal remedy and were definitely bigger among those who had taken the medication. Okay?

This is an important point because this kind of focuses on something that I’ve talked about a number of times here on Good News Naturally, and if you want to go digging around the goodnewsnaturally.com in the podcasts, you can find an interview that I did with Dr. Marita Schauch. She is from Vancouver, Canada. She’s a naturopath. We did a segment there on Healthy Hormones, and one of the topics that we got into discussing was the topic of estrogen dominance in a woman’s body.

Part of the driver with fibroids is that the women are experiencing something called estrogen dominance. You can even refer to it as simply a hormone imbalance. Why did the black cohosh herbal remedy show better results in this fibroid situation than the synthetic form of estrogen that was used in these women? The answer is pretty simple. What we’re looking at here is natural versus synthetic. Let me explain to you how this works.

There are receptor sites. As our body produces hormones, there are receptor sites that uptake those hormones. They’re also referred to as parking spaces if you will. They park into those sites so that they do the job the hormone was created to do. Alright?

If you use black cohosh, this is a plant-based form or what they would refer to as a phyto or plant-based estrogenic-type substance. What happens here is that because it is not synthetic, as it parks into that receptor site for that hormone, it does a couple of things.

Number one, it helps the woman’s body feel satisfied that it’s produced this hormone and it’s up-taken into this receptor site. That’s a good thing. That’s why it benefits the menopausal symptoms of hot flashes and night sweats, and things like that, but here’s what else it does.

When a woman has estrogen dominance, you have bad estrogen circulating in your body that should have been excreted, okay? It should have been excreted and there is a process of the phase one and phase two detoxification that goes on in the human body that is responsible for getting rid of that excess estrogen.

Many times, there’s either an abundance of estrogen which is what happens when you take synthetic estrogen, plus, we get estrogenic effect from other environmental toxicities like pesticides, herbicides, and even things like common health and beauty care products and cleaners, and things like that.

The black cohosh is doing two things. It’s parking in that receptor site, helping the body feel satisfied, but by also parking in that receptor site, guess what else it does. It prevents that bad estrogen from getting into that receptor site, thereby, protecting the woman from things like uterine fibroids, and worse, some of the estrogen-driven cancers that women deal with.

You see how that works? I hope you guys stayed with me through that explanation. I know that’s a lot to try to grasp and understand. Hopefully, you’re sitting somewhere where you can comprehend what I just said. Alright?

The natural is parking in that receptor site giving benefit and giving protection. The synthetic estrogen is giving the woman more estrogen which she really does not need and that creates a problem with driving fibroids and other forms of cancer. That’s why so many doctors and so many women have now turned away from using synthetic estrogen such as Premarin as a form of menopausal treatment, period. Okay?

It’s something I want you to understand and this is just one of the many benefits that I think black cohosh can bring to women with this benefit of both parking and the feel-good side of it along with the protective side of it. Again, this is a classic form of medicine versus synthetic or allopathic medicine. Okay?

Now, here’s my recommendation for you. If you’re concerned about this at all, if you’ve got hormone imbalances you need help with, you’re perimenopausal, menopausal, or postmenopausal and you still need some hormone balancing, here’s a great combination for you to look at.

The company is called Natural Factors and they have a product called MenoSense. MenoSense, just like it sounds. There’s also a companion product known as EstroSense.

I love recommending these two products together because the MenoSense contains that black cohosh along with other historical herbal remedies for women’s hormonal health balance in one formula called MenoSense, so you can utilize that. Then, you use the EstroSense along with it and what this does is this helps you to detoxify and disarm the harmful excess estrogens that you may have in your body via estrogen dominance.

Primarily, that’s going to be coming from environment and things like that, this estrogenic activity, plastic, for example. We don’t even think about some of this common household stuff, but they are now making lots of connection between things like plastics. As I mentioned, these cleaners that are being used in the homes and even health and beauty care products, the things we refer to as parabens for example, these all bring this estrogenic influence into the human body.

Even some of the foods that people are consuming are doing that. If you are consuming high, high levels of soy, then, you are getting excess estrogen coming into you from that. This EstroSense has the herbs and nutrient contents such as the active ingredients in cruciferous vegetables. They help to disarm and help the body to excrete these out of the system. Better to break that estrogen-dominance cycle that so many women have got in this country, so take that into consideration.

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Black cohosh may cut breast cancer risk

• Source:http://uk.reuters.com/article/health-black-cohosh-dc-idUKCOL66565720070426

(Reuters)

(Reuters Health) - A new study provides preliminary evidence that an herbal medicine used to help women cope with menopausal symptoms may reduce breast cancer risk.

However, much more research is needed before the herb, black cohosh, can be recommended to prevent the disease, Dr. Timothy R. Rebbeck of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia and colleagues caution.

Many women use hormone-related supplements such as black cohosh, dong quai, red clover, ginseng and yam to deal with hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause, Rebbeck and his team note in the International Journal of Cancer.

To examine how the use of these herbs might relate to breast cancer risk, the researchers compared 949 women with breast cancer to 1,524 healthy controls.

African-American women were more somewhat likely than European Americans to use the herbs. Women who reported taking black cohosh (5 percent of blacks and 2 percent of whites) were at 61 percent lower risk of breast cancer, the researchers found.

Also, those who took an herbal preparation derived from black cohosh called Remifemin had a 53 percent lower risk of the disease.

Previous studies have shown that black cohosh can block cell growth, Rebbeck and colleagues note. The herb is also an antioxidant, and has been shown to have anti-estrogen effects as well. On the negative side, the herb can have side effects, and animal studies have suggested it may affect breast cancer severity.

"Substantial additional research must be undertaken before it can be established that black cohosh, or some compound found in black cohosh, is a breast cancer chemopreventive agent," the researchers write.

"Furthermore," they stress, "women may wish to seek guidance from their physician before using these compounds."

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Study finds no evidence black cohosh damages liver

• Source:http://www.reuters.com/article/us-black-cohosh-idUSTRE70R7IL20110128

By Amy Norton

(Reuters Health) - Despite reports of liver damage in some women using black cohosh to ease menopause symptoms, clinical trials testing one major brand of this herb have so far found no evidence that it is to blame, according to a research review.

Extracts of black cohosh, a plant native to North America, are marketed as a "natural" form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and are most commonly used to treat hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause.

Studies so far have come to conflicting conclusions about whether black cohosh works.

There have also been concerns raised about its safety. Reports of liver inflammation and liver failure in a small number of black cohosh users prompted some countries, like Australia and the UK, to require warning labels on the products.

But it has never been clear that black cohosh was to blame for those cases of liver damage. In most cases, doctors were unable to account for the patients' drinking habits or use of medications that can harm the liver.

And many postmenopausal women who are plagued by hot flashes and night sweats prefer to try black cohosh instead of taking hormones. Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, has been controversial since 2002, when the Women's Health Initiative, a massive government-sponsored clinical trial, found that women on HRT had higher rates of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer and blood clots than placebo users.

Experts now advise that while HRT is effective for menopausal symptoms, women should take the lowest possible dose for the shortest time possible.

For the new study, reported in the journal Menopause, researchers combined the results of five previously published clinical trials of the black cohosh product Remifemin. Together, the studies involved more than 1,100 women who used either this black cohosh product or a comparison substance -- either an inactive placebo or a hormonal medication called tibolone -- for three to six months.

Overall, the researchers found, 88 women dropped out of the studies, but none did so because of abnormal liver enzymes, a potential sign of liver damage.

And there was no evidence that black cohosh triggered harmful changes in liver enzymes. In both the black cohosh and comparison groups, about 5 percent of women developed abnormally high levels of a liver enzyme known as AST.

On the other hand, of 37 black cohosh users who had abnormally high AST levels before treatment, 62 percent saw those levels drop back into the normal range during therapy.

The study was led by Dr. Belal Naser of Salzgitter, Germany-based Schaper & Brummer GmbH & Co., which manufactures Remifemin.

But an expert not involved in the study said the findings are consistent with other evidence that black cohosh is safe for the liver.

Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a professor at the University of Illinois College of Pharmacy in Chicago, was part of a 2009 clinical trial that tested black cohosh against a placebo, standard hormone replacement and red clover -- another alternative therapy for menopause symptoms.

They found that over one year, black cohosh was no better than the placebo for easing hot flashes and night sweats.

But there was also no evidence that the herb harmed women's liver function.

"Although black cohosh did not prevent hot flashes in menopausal women in our study, we found that black cohosh was safe," van Breemen told Reuters Health in an email. "In particular, we tested for liver damage in our study and found that black cohosh was not hepatotoxic (toxic to the liver)."

That trial, which was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, was not included in the current analysis -- which focused only on trials of Remifemin.

That narrow focus, van Breemen noted, is a weakness of the study.

Still, he said, "the conclusion...that black cohosh does not cause liver damage is consistent with the results of our investigation and many other clinical trials."

In general, experts do advise that women stop using black cohosh and tell their doctor if they develop any potential signs of liver toxicity, including abdominal pain, dark urine or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes).

Three months worth of Remifemin tablets costs about $30 in the U.S. -- roughly the same as Premarin, a widely used hormone replacement drug.

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Exploring Black Cohosh, Hot Peppers, in Breast Cancer Treatment

• Source:http://wnpr.org/post/exploring-black-cohosh-hot-peppers-breast-cancer-treatment

By Jenifer Frank

Dr. Erin Hofstatter, a young research scientist and breast cancer specialist at Yale’s Smilow Cancer Hospital, often prescribes tamoxifen, raloxifene and similar drugs to her patients. The drugs “reduce your risk (of cancer recurring) by half … but they come with baggage,” she tells her patients, “hot flashes, night sweats, leg cramps, small risk of uterine cancer, small risk of blood clots, small risk of stroke, you have to get your liver tested.”

Hofstatter’s unease with standard treatments for breast cancer has spurred her to seek alternative, safer ways to treat breast cancer. To this end, she has begun a study of black cohosh, in the pill form of an herb from the buttercup family, used for thousands of years by Native Americans to treat menopausal symptoms.

Dr. Erin Hofstatter, a young research scientist and breast cancer specialist at Yale’s Smilow Cancer Hospital, often prescribes tamoxifen, raloxifene and similar drugs to her patients. The drugs “reduce your risk (of cancer recurring) by half … but they come with baggage,” she tells her patients, “hot flashes, night sweats, leg cramps, small risk of uterine cancer, small risk of blood clots, small risk of stroke, you have to get your liver tested.”

Hofstatter’s unease with standard treatments for breast cancer has spurred her to seek alternative, safer ways to treat breast cancer. To this end, she has begun a study of black cohosh, in the pill form of an herb from the buttercup family, used for thousands of years by Native Americans to treat menopausal symptoms.

Just as practices like acupuncture and meditation – once considered, at best, nontraditional are now widely used to help patients cope with the side effects of cancer treatments and other illnesses, natural products – foods (blueberries, walnuts, soy), herbs like black cohosh and plant-based anti-oxidants like capsaicin (which makes hot peppers hot) have become accepted subjects for research.

But far from simply embracing these practices or foods, scientists now apply rigorous scientific methods to what are considered non-traditional medications to determine just how effective – or ineffective -- they are. A similar scientific focus is being directed at exercise, diet, and meditation. Research is also going on into something called energy healing.

“I think that when we think about therapies, whether for breast cancer or anything else, we do need to think outside of the box and evaluate things that we may not have been open to evaluating in the past,” said Dr. Anees Chagpar, director of The Breast Center - Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven. “Because there are natural therapies that may be very useful and helpful.

“[T]here is a paucity of scientific evidence and research to back up these complementary and alternative approaches. And so I think that anything that we can do to help shore up the knowledge that we have about their utility is a good thing,” she said.

Alternative Medicine’s Integration

Once marginalized by the medical establishment, alternative medicine has now become part of the establishment. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) is one of the 27 institutes and centers that comprise the country’s premier research institution, the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

NIH data show that funding for NCCAM research projects has climbed from $54.3 million in 2000, to $97.6 million in 2014 – an 80 percent increase. Among the grantees in 2014 is Yale University, which received nearly $1 million for four research projects into complementary and alternative medicine – including one study, with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation – that is testing “mindfulness meditation” for children suffering from fibromyalgia or chronic pain.

In addition, the American Board of Integrative Medicine plans to give its first accreditation test in November. The exam will include questions on “Mind-Body Medicine and Spirituality” and “Whole Medical Systems” (such as homeopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine and the ancient Indian system, Ayurveda), as well as on nutrition, dietary supplements and “Lifestyle, Prevention and Health Promotion.”

The Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine, which began in 1999 as a small group trying to draw attention to and expand the use of integrative medicine, has grown into an organization of 57 medical centers, many connected to some of the country’s most prestigious medical schools and health organizations. The consortium includes the integrative medicine programs at Yale and UConn’s schools of medicine, and the Integrative Medicine Center at Griffin Hospital in Derby, which collaborates with Yale.

Alternative medicine’s evolution is at least partially fueled by public enthusiasm. A widely quoted 2007 survey, by the National Center for Health Statistics, shows that in 2006, Americans spent $33.9 billion out-of-pocket on alternative medicine. Some health professionals say this shows the widespread dissatisfaction with the traditional health system.

“Our current health care system is not sustainable. It’s not working, it’s too expensive, and people are really not that healthy,” said Dr. Mary P. Guerrera, a family practice physician at St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center in Hartford who also directs the integrative medicine program in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.

Given the popularity of alternative treatments, “It’s important for future physicians and health professionals to learn about [them],” she said. Guerrera said she’s seen “a huge bump” in the number of fourth-year medical students taking the elective course she teaches, “Integrative/Complementary and Alternative Medicine.”

Deborah Pacik, a second year UConn medical student and a longtime licensed acupuncturist, has treated cancer patients for pain, nausea and depression. “Patients have felt more energy, less nausea, more appetite, less dry mouth, and calmer and clearer with acupuncture,” she said. Deborah Pacik, a licensed acupuncturist, treats cancer patients. Credit Tony Bacewicz / C-HIT

But alternative medicine continues to have its critics. They can be found on such websites as Quackwatch.com and The Skeptic’s Dictionary. Dr. Steven Novella, a researcher and assistant professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine, founded the take-no-prisoners website Science-Based Medicine, of which he is editor. On September 29, the site’s managing editor, Dr. David Gorski, a surgical oncologist, posted his latest attack on alternative medicine: “Quackademia Update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia.”

Rigorous Investigations

A growing number of researchers are ignoring that skepticism by using scientific methods to measure and quantify the efficacy of unconventional treatments.

The NCCAM’s website is packed with warnings about not replacing traditional medical care with an alternative measure, and with understated dismissals of some claims from the marketplace. (On the acai berry, sold in fruit juice and as supplement: “There is no definitive evidence that acai has any special health benefits.”)

Chagpar, at Yale, summarized the attitude and motivation of many researchers: “There really needs to be further rigor to look at [complementary and alternative] therapies with the degree of scientific inquiry that we put routine drugs through.”

Hot peppers

In his 27 years as a surgeon and researcher at the Yale School of Medicine, Dr. John Geibel’s research has focused on the lower digestive system. But these days, he’s also excited about the anti-carcinogenic power of capsaicin on breast cancers. Capsaicin – capsicum is any plant from the nightshade family -- is the substance that gives hot peppers their heat, and, perhaps counter-intuitively, it has been identified as having some value as a pain reliever.

Geibel, vice chairman of the Department of Surgery at Yale, noted that genetic screening has been effective in determining whether some women will get breast cancer. “But even if you come in and perform the mastectomy, it’s difficult to impossible to remove every single [cancer] cell,” he said.

Earlier studies have shown capsaicin’s ability “to slow down or even stop the machinery of [cell] division,” he said, pointing to one in which capsaicin stopped the growth of prostate colonic tumors in a dish. What if, he posited, after a surgeon has removed a malignant tumor from a breast, the doctor can “coat the underlying tissue area with a capsaicin-based preparation to prevent any residual cells” from reproducing?

Geibel said he initially tested capsaicin on breast cancer cells in a culture to determine the dose and the best way to deliver it. “The next phase is to now take some tissue from an individual,” he said.

“It’s a relatively simple natural product,” he said. The goal of using products like capsaicin is “to have a destructive effect on the tumor, rather than a destructive effect on the individual.”

Energy Healing

With training in molecular and cellular biology, Dr. Gloria Gronowicz, a professor at the UConn Health Center, has long been looking into the effects of energy healing on tumor growth and metastasis, working most recently with a breast cancer model in mice. Energy healing on tumor growth is an area of study for Dr. Gloria Gronowicz.

Energy medicine, which includes Reiki, qigong and a practice named “Therapeutic Touch,” actually involves no direct touching of a patient or an object being studied. Rather, practitioners work with what they say is the energy emitted from their hands, which they call biofields.

A paper published in May by Gronowicz and others, in the Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, said that Therapeutic Touch had prevented cancer cells in a breast cancer model from spreading, though it had not shrunk the size of the primary tumor.

“Let us use everything to help patients,” Gronowicz said of the growth in research into alternative treatments.

Black Cohosh

Hofstatter, the Yale researcher, first heard of black cohosh from the gynecologic oncologist who runs Yale’s Sexuality, Intimacy and Menopause Clinic. The oncologist asked if Hofstatter would approve of giving Remifemin – a pill form of black cohosh – to one of the young doctor’s patients.

“I was actually fearful of black cohosh to begin with,” Hofstatter said. “It basically is a plant-based estrogen, and so many times, breast cancers can be fed by estrogen.” But she found ofstattetwo 2007 clinical trials that showed black cohosh acting as a protective agent in breast cancer development.

The more she researched, “the more I realized, ‘Oh my gosh, I may have just struck a pot of gold!’ ” she said. “Not only does it not appear to significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, but actually there’s data to suggest it’s protective, both in breast cancer survivors and potentially preventive in women who’ve never had breast cancer.”

Her study, funded by Yale through the American Cancer Association, focuses on women diagnosed with DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ -- a common, noninvasive cancer that can develop into an invasive disease.

The trial takes advantage of the time between a diagnosis of DCIS and the surgery, generally two to four weeks. Right after diagnosis, the patient will take Remifemin twice daily until her surgery. Hofstatter thenH will compare the pre-surgery DCIS cells and those in the tissue removed during surgery to see if the number of DCIS cells has dropped.

“What I liked about the study is that I felt the risk to the patient was minimal” -- because she was going to have surgery anyway – “and that it would provide good information regardless of what we showed.”

Hofstatter, who received her grant in 2011, is still recruiting subjects for the study, and hopes to have her roster filled by 2015.

And she is clear-eyed about her hopes for black cohosh. “I have no idea if it works,” she said.

“The reason we’re doing the trial is because I do not know if it helps. For all I know, it could be bad -- that’s the thing about research.”

Join C-HIT on Tuesday October 21, starting at 5:30 pm, at Gateway Community College in New Haven, for a community forum on the latest inroads and challenges in breast cancer detection, research and treatment, while showing your support for in-depth journalism. For information and to register click here.

This story was reported under a partnership with the Connecticut Health I-Team (c-hit.org).

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Black Cohosh: An Herb for Hot Flashes?

• Source:http://www.empowher.com/menopause/content/black-cohosh-herb-hot-flashes

By Diane Hoffmaster

For some women, menopause symptoms are mild and can be controlled with simple lifestyle changes. For others, menopause symptoms make it difficult just to survive the day with their sanity intact. Hot flashes, moodiness, and irregular periods may be so bad you need more than a fan and a 30-minute workout session to relieve stress. When menopause symptoms get to be too much to handle, many women start looking for alternative remedies to help bring them relief. One option that has been studied for its possible menopause symptom relief characteristics is black cohosh.

Black cohosh is an herb whose roots have been used for medicinal purposes for hundreds of years. According to Drugs.com, it grows from Ontario, Canada south to Tennessee and west to Missouri at forest edges. Over the years, it has been used to treat joint pain, influenza, smallpox, rheumatism, headache, cough, and some nervous system disorders. Recently, it seems to be gaining popularity as a method to treat menopause symptoms.

The parts of the black cohosh plant that are used medicinally are the fresh or dried roots and rhizomes (underground stems). They can be found in health food stores, some drugstores, and online. There are many forms to choose from, including teas, capsules, tablets or liquid extract forms. How black cohosh works in relieving menopause symptoms is not yet known. There is a possibility that black cohosh exhibits some estrogen-like activity, but the evidence is contradictory.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has funded and analyzed numerous studies regarding the effectiveness of black cohosh as a remedy for menopause symptoms. Some study results indicate black cohosh may help relieve menopausal symptoms, but other study results do not. Studies of black cohosh have yielded conflicting data, mainly because of the short time frame studied and differences in the quantity of black cohosh taken by study participants.

While studies on black cohosh show conflicting results, many women are taking this herb as a possible solution for their menopause symptoms. If you choose to try this for yourself, what is the appropriate dose? According to WebMD, the dose of black cohosh used in studies for menopausal symptoms has been 20-40 milligram tablets of a standardized extract taken twice a day. More than 900 milligrams a day of black cohosh is considered an overdose. Directions for other forms of black cohosh will vary. Six months is the maximum amount of time anyone should take black cohosh according to some experts.

Black cohosh is not without side effects. Some people may experience headaches and upset stomach after taking this herb. People with aspirin allergies or liver problems or who are pregnant or nursing should not take this supplement. If you are taking prescription medications, talk to your doctor before starting black cohosh.

Black cohosh may provide relief of common menopause symptoms for some women. While studies on this alternative therapy are inconclusive, if you are suffering from menopause symptoms and need relief, black cohosh may be a possible solution.

Photos of Black Cohosh flowers and Plants

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  Bee and Black Cohosh

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  Black Cohosh Flowers

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  Black Cohosh Flowers

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