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'''Official name''' Türkmenistan (Turkmenistan)<br> | |||
'''Form of government1''' unitary single-party2 republic with one legislative house (Mejlis, or Assembly [125])<br> | |||
'''Head of state and government''' President: Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov<br> | |||
'''Capital''' Ashgabat<br> | |||
'''Official language''' Turkmen<br> | |||
'''Official religion''' none<br> | |||
'''Monetary unit''' (new) manat (TMT)3<br> | |||
'''Population''' (2013 est.) 5,113,000COLLAPSE<br> | |||
'''Total area (sq mi)''' 189,657<br> | |||
'''Total area (sq km)''' 491,210<br> | |||
'''Urban-rural population'''<br> | |||
:Urban: (2011) 48.7% | |||
:Rural: (2011) 51.3% | |||
'''Life expectancy at birth'''<br> | |||
:Male: (2011) 61 years | |||
:Female: (2011) 69.2 years | |||
'''Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate'''<br> | |||
:Male: (2007) 99.7% | |||
:Female: (2007) 99.3% | |||
'''GNI per capita (U.S.$)''' (2012) 5,550<br> | |||
==Background of Turkmenistan== | ==Background of Turkmenistan== | ||
Turkmenistan, Turkmen Türkmenistan, country of Central Asia. It is the second largest state in Central Asia, after Kazakhstan, and the southernmost of the region’s five republics. The country is bordered by Kazakhstan on the northwest, Uzbekistan on the north and east, Afghanistan on the southeast, Iran on the south, and the Caspian Sea on the west. After Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan is the least densely populated of the Central Asian states. Much of its waterless expanse is inhospitable to plant and animal life. Except for oases in narrow strips dotted along the foothills of the Kopet-Dag Range and along the Amu Darya, Morghāb, and Tejen rivers, deserts characterize its sunbaked, sandy terrain. From 1925 to 1991 Turkmenistan was the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent (union) republic of the Soviet Union; it declared independence on Oct. 27, 1991. The capital is Ashgabat (Ashkhabad), which lies near the southern border with Iran. | |||
'''[[The Land of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
'''[[The People of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
'''[[The Economy of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
'''[[Administration and social conditions of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
'''[[Cultural life of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
'''[[History of Turkmenistan]]'''<br> | |||
==Disclaimer== | ==Disclaimer== | ||
{{disclaimer countries}} | {{disclaimer countries}} | ||
[[category:countries]] | [[category:countries]] | ||