Biliran Province, Philippines

People of Biliran Province

• As of the 2020 Census, Biliran Province had a population of 179,312.
• In 2015, the province recorded a population of 171,612, reflecting modest growth over five years.
• Biliran is historically home to the Waray and Sama-Bajau communities, with the Waray-Waray people forming the majority. The Sama-Bajau, traditionally sea-dwelling, have settled in coastal areas and continue to preserve aspects of their maritime culture.
• The major dialect spoken is Waray-Waray, though Cebuano is also widely used, especially in trade and education. While these dialects shape local identity, English is the official medium of instruction in all schools, ensuring educational access and global readiness.

Location of Biliran Province

• Biliran is located in the Eastern Visayas Region (Region VIII), just north of Leyte Island. Its geographic coordinates are approximately 11.58°N latitude and 124.48°E longitude.
• The province spans a land area of 536.01 square kilometers, with terrain that includes volcanic mountains, coastal plains, and river valleys. Mount Panamao and Mount Suiro are among its prominent peaks. The climate is tropical, with a wet season from June to November and a dry season from December to May.
• The capital of Biliran is Naval, and the Provincial Capitol is located in Barangay Calumpang, which houses the seat of government and administrative offices.
• Most people reach Biliran via land and sea. From Tacloban City, travelers can take a bus or van to Naval, crossing the Biliran Bridge. The nearest airport is Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport in Tacloban, about 2.5 hours away. The Port of Naval serves inter-island vessels connecting Biliran to Cebu and other parts of the Visayas.

Tourist Attractions of Biliran Province

• Sambawan Island: A stunning island known for its rolling hills, coral reefs, and panoramic views.
• Tinago Falls: A multi-tiered waterfall nestled in the forests of Caibiran, ideal for trekking and swimming.
• Higatangan Island: Famous for its shifting sandbar and crystal-clear waters, located off the coast of Naval.
• Mainit Hot Springs: A natural geothermal site in Caibiran, popular for therapeutic bathing.
• Bagasumbol Festival: Held every September in Naval, this cultural celebration features street dancing, agro-trade fairs, and historical reenactments.

Economy of Biliran Province

• Biliran’s economy is primarily agricultural, with key sectors including:
  • Rice and coconut farming: The province produces rice, copra, and root crops.
  • Fisheries: Coastal communities engage in aquaculture and small-scale fishing.
  • Tourism: Natural attractions and eco-tourism sites contribute to seasonal income.
  • Crafts and food processing: Local products include woven mats, native delicacies, and processed seafood.
• In 2024, Biliran posted a provincial GDP of approximately ₱18.7 billion, ranking among the smallest economies in the Philippines but showing consistent growth in tourism and agri-tech sectors.

Educational Institutions of Biliran Province

• Young residents pursue higher education at:
  • Biliran Province State University (BiPSU): The main state university in Naval, offering programs in education, engineering, agriculture, maritime studies, and IT. It operates extension campuses in Biliran and other municipalities.
  • Naval Institute of Technology: Now integrated into BiPSU, it continues to offer technical and vocational programs.
  • BiPSU School of Maritime Education: Specializes in seafaring and marine engineering, serving students from across Eastern Visayas.
  • Public high schools: Naval National High School and Caibiran National High School are among the largest secondary institutions in the province.

History of Biliran Province

• Biliran was originally known as Isla de Panamao during the Spanish era, a name derived from a native fishing net. It was later renamed “Biliran,” believed to come from the grass “borobiliran” or the Visayan word “bilir,” meaning edge or protrusion.
• In the 1600s, Biliran became the site of a major shipyard supporting the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Spanish missionaries established settlements and built churches, including the old parish in Naval.
• Biliran was created as a sub-province of Leyte through Republic Act No. 2141 on April 8, 1959, with Naval as its seat of government. It remained under Leyte’s jurisdiction for several decades.
• On May 11, 1992, Biliran was officially converted into a through legislation, gaining full autonomy. Today, it is one of the smallest provinces in the country, known for its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and emerging agri-tourism initiatives.

Elected Officials of Biliran Province

• As of the 2025 elections, Biliran Province is led by:
  • Governor: Rogelio J. Espina (Nacionalista Party)
  • Vice Governor: Roselyn Espina-Paras (Lakas-CMD)
  • Representative (Lone District): Gerryboy Espina (Lakas-CMD)
  • Board Members (First District): Kokoy Caneja (Lakas), Lucille Curso-Roa (NP), Miguel Casas Jr. (NP), Manolo Rubi (Lakas)
  • Mayor of Naval: Gretchen Stephanie Espina (NP)
  • Vice Mayor of Naval: Archie Parilla (NP)
• For full election results and updates, visit: Biliran Province Election Results.

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