Difference between revisions of "Bilberry"

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 ==News About Bilberry==
-'''Seville Orange Trees'''
+'''What Is Bilberry Extract?'''
-*Source:http://homeguides.sfgate.com/seville-orange-trees-66414.html
+*Source:http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/bilberry-extract-7930.html
-:By Cathryn Chaney
+:By Michele Kerns
-If you were to visit the city of Seville, Spain you would find the streets lined with thousands of evergreen citrus trees. Named after the city because they have been grown there as an ornamental since the end of the 12th century, Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) is also called bitter orange or sour orange. In contrast to its relative sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), Seville orange fruits have a bitter peel and sour pulp and are not eaten as fresh fruit. The trees are widely used as an ornamental and as rootstock for edible citrus, but the fruits also have many uses.
+According to Medline Plus, British Royal Air Force pilots during World War II who regularly ate bilberry jam and preserves reported an improvement in their night vision. Since then, bilberry extract has been used to treat ailments ranging from eye problems to digestive disorders, though the efficacy of the extract is still under investigation. As with all supplements, do not begin taking bilberry extract until you've spoken to your doctor about the possible dangers and side effects.
-:History
+:Uses
-Native to Asia, the Seville orange traveled to the Pacific Islands during prehistory and to the Mediterranean area. It was reported growing in Sicily in 1002 A.D. and Arabs grew it during the ninth century. It went to Mexico, the West Indies, Florida and South America with early Spanish explorers in the 1500s. The trees were valued for their fragrant white flowers, the essential oils derived from the peel, and juice and marmalade products that come from the fruit. A number of cultivars developed for specific uses and are grown commercially in Asia, Europe, Africa and the West Indies.
+The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that bilberry extract is used to lower the risk of atherosclerosis, to treat venous insufficiency and diarrhea and to control the blood sugar level of diabetics, though there is no reliable scientific evidence proving that the extract is effective at successfully treating any of these conditions. While there aren't any studies that indicate bilberry extract can improve your night or overall vision, bilberries contain a high concentration of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring plant compounds known as phytochemicals that may decrease your risk of disease by inhibiting the DNA-damaging activity of free radical compounds. A 2012 study published in the journal "Laboratory Investigation" found that the anthocyanins contained in bilberry extract may help prevent retinal inflammation and retinal damage.
-:Description
+:Supplementation
-Seville orange trees grow to about 20 feet tall in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11. The dark green leaves highlight the round, red-orange fruits that ripen in October to May, depending on the cultivar. The fruits have a pebbled skin that is rougher than that of sweet orange and a more vivid color. Flowers appear in late February into March with a sweet fragrance. The branches have 1- to 3-inch-long thorns. The fruit's pulp is light orange and contains numerous seeds.
+People using bilberry extract for general health purposes commonly take two doses of the supplement equaling 80 to 120 milligrams daily, while individuals using bilberry for eye problems may take between 80 and 480 milligrams in three separate doses each day, reports the University of Maryland Medical Center. Talk to your doctor about the dosage that's best for your particular health needs before using bilberry extract, and make sure that the type you use consists of at least 25 percent anthocyanidin compounds.
-:Cultivars
+:Possible Side Effects
-The cultivar grown in Seville is "Sevillano" (Citrus aurantium "Sevillano"), the primary type used in Spain to make orange marmalade. Its fruits have a higher pectin content and the trees are comparatively thornless, vigorous and productive. Bergamot orange (Citrus aurantium var. bergamia) grows primarily Mediterranean countries, and is used in perfumery and to flavor Earl Grey tea. "Oklawaha" was bred in the U.S. and has large fruits rich in pectin for marmalade. "Daidai" furnishes flower buds that are dried and used in Japan and China to flavor tea. "Bouquet," also known as "Bouquet de Fleurs," is a smaller variety grown as an ornamental plant. It reaches 10 feet tall or less, with small few-seeded bright orange fruits. Two varieties provide essential oil, which is extracted from the dried peel of immature fruits to flavor liqueurs: "Jacmel" (Citrus aurantium "Jacmel") in Jamaica and "Curacao Orange" (Citrus aurantium var. curassaviensis).
+Bilberry extract supplements may cause an upset stomach, dry eyes and a dry mouth. In high dosages, bilberry extract can cause muscle spasms and extreme weight loss. Supplementation with any bilberry product may interfere with the proper function of drugs like blood thinners and diabetes medications. It may also dramatically lower blood sugar levels if taken at the same time as supplemental herbs like ginseng, fenugreek or ginger. Avoid using bilberry extract if you are pregnant, nursing, are diabetic or have just had or are about to have a surgery.
-:Growing Seville Oranges
+:Considerations
-The Seville orange is tolerant of a wider variety of growing conditions than its relative, sweet orange. It grows in richer, heavier soils that keep moist longer, and accepts a variety of soil types. Although it grows in subtropical and tropical climates, it is cold-hardy enough to live through short periods of freezing weather. The trees need regular, deep watering and will grow in full sun or partial shade. They naturalize in favorable climates, now growing wild in many tropical and subtropical areas, such as Florida, Mexico and the West Indies. In the garden, fertilize them as you would any citrus. Use them to line paths or sidewalks, as accent or specimen trees, or for your own source for homemade marmalade. You can also grow them from seed.
+Over-the-counter bilberry extract supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and are not checked for purity or safety. ConsumerReports.org warns that some dietary supplements have been found to be contaminated with heavy metals or other potentially harmful chemicals. If you choose to use bilberry extract supplements, choose a brand that bears a "USP Verified" mark on the container. This indicates that the manufacturer's products have been checked by the nonprofit organization U.S. Pharmacopeia. Never use more than the recommended dosage and never give bilberry extract to children under 18 years old.
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 '''What Is Bilberry Good for?'''