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{{New Zealand cities}}
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<table width="300">
<tr><td align="center">[[File:New_zealand_map_locator_.jpg‎|300px]]<br>Location of New Zealand within the continent of [[Australia]]</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">[[File:New zealand map.jpg|300px]]<br>Map of New Zealand</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center">[[file:New_zealand_flag.gif‎ |300px]]<br>Flag Description of New Zealand: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation</td>
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<tr><td align="center">{{iframe01}}</td></tr>
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{| width=336
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|align="center"|'''THE NEW ZEALAND COAT OF ARMS'''<br>[[file:Coat of arms of New Zealand.png|336px]]
|-
|align="center"|[[File:New_zealand_map_locator_.jpg‎|336px]]<br>Location of New Zealand within the continent of [[Australia]]
|-
|align="center"|[[File:New zealand map.jpg|336px]]<br>Map of New Zealand
|-
|align="center"|[[file:New_zealand_flag.gif‎ |336px]]<br>Flag Description of New Zealand: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
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|align="center"|{{zad00}}
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'''Official name''' New Zealand (English); Aotearoa (Maori)<br>
'''Form of government''' constitutional monarchy with one legislative house (House of Representatives [1211])<br>
'''Head of state''' British Monarch: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General: Sir Jerry Mateparae<br>
'''Head of government''' Prime Minister: John Key<br>
'''Capital''' Wellington<br>
'''Official languages''' English; Maori; New Zealand Sign Language2<br>
'''Official religion''' none<br>
'''Monetary unit''' New Zealand dollar (NZ$)<br>
'''Population''' (2013 est.) 4,461,000COLLAPSE<br>
'''Total area (sq mi)''' 104,515<br>
'''Total area (sq km)''' 270,692<br>
'''Urban-rural population'''<br>
:Urban: (2011) 86.2%
:Rural: (2011) 13.8%
'''Life expectancy at birth'''<br>
:Male: (2011) 79.3 years
:Female: (2011) 83 years
'''Literacy: percentage of population age 15 and over literate'''<br>
:Male: not available
:Female: not available
'''GNI per capita (U.S.$)''' (2012) 30,620<br>


1Statutory number is 120 seats; actual current number is 121 seats.
2Became official Aug. 10, 2006.


==Background of New Zealand==
==Background of New Zealand==
The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.
The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. That same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.


==Geography of New Zealand==
New Zealand's landscape ranges from the fjord-like sounds of the southwest to the tropical beaches of the far north. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps, the highest peak of which is Aoraki/Mount Cook, at 3,754 m. The closest mountains surpassing it in elevation are found not in Australia, but in New Guinea and Antarctica. The tallest peak on North Island is Mount Ruapehu (2,797 m), an active, cone-shaped volcano.
Smaller islands include Stewart Island, which lies south of South Island; Waiheke and Great Barrier islands, near the north end of North Island; and the Chatham Islands, more than 800 km east of South Island.
Temperatures rarely fall below 0°C or rise above 30°C. Conditions vary from wet and cold on South Island's west coast to dry and continental a short distance away across the mountains and subtropical in the northern reaches of North Island.
New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, each lying about 2,200 km to the northeast and entirely self-governing; Tokelau, another island territory situated about 3,200 km to the north and moving towards self-government; and Ross Dependency, New Zealand's claim in Antarctica, located about 2,500 km to the south.
Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world, New Zealand has unique flora. Evergreens such as the giant kauri and southern beech dominate the forests. It also has a diverse range of birds, including the flightless moa (now extinct) and the kiwi, the kakapo, and the takahē, all of which are endangered.
Human settlement had a huge impact on fauna and flora. Over 75 percent of the forest cover has been burnt or felled, and the land converted into pasture. Many bird species, including the giant moa, became extinct after the arrival of Polynesians, who brought dogs and rats, and Europeans, who introduced additional dog and rat species, as well as cats, pigs, ferrets, and weasels.
region on the east coast of the North Island.
New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, each lying about 2,200 km to the northeast and entirely self-governing; Tokelau, another island territory situated about 3,200 km to the north and moving towards self-government; and Ross Dependency, New Zealand's claim in Antarctica, located about 2,500 km to the south.
Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world, New Zealand has unique flora. Evergreens such as the giant kauri and southern beech dominate the forests. It also has a diverse range of birds, including the flightless moa (now extinct) and the kiwi, the kakapo, and the takahē, all of which are endangered.
Human settlement had a huge impact on fauna and flora. Over 75 percent of the forest cover has been burnt or felled, and the land converted into pasture. Many bird species, including the giant moa, became extinct after the arrival of Polynesians, who brought dogs and rats, and Europeans, who introduced additional dog and rat species, as well as cats, pigs, ferrets, and weasels.


==History of New Zealand==


Maoris were the first inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving on the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia. In 1642, New Zealand was explored by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator. British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, beginning in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.
The kiwi, a flightless bird, is one of New Zealand's most famous species and a national icon.
Conservationists recognized that threatened bird populations could be saved on offshore islands, where, once predators were exterminated, bird life flourished again. Around 30 species are listed as endangered. The kiwi, a national symbol, is also under threat. A curious bird, it cannot fly, has loose, hair-like feathers and long whiskers, and is largely nocturnal.


The Treaty of Waitangi (Feb. 6, 1840) between the British and several Maori tribes promised to protect Maori land if the Maoris recognized British rule. Encroachment by British settlers was relentless, however, and skirmishes between the two groups intensified.
New Zealand's landscape has appeared in television series such as Xena: Warrior Princess. An increasing number of movies have also been filmed there, the most well-known being the hugely successful Lord of the Rings trilogy, which took cinematic advantage of the dramatic scenery in various parts of the country.


==Geography of New Zealand==
The relative proximity of New Zealand to Antarctica has made South Island a gateway of sorts for scientific expeditions and tourist excursions to the icebound continent.
---


*Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
*Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
*Geographic coordinates: 41 00 S, 174 00 E
*Geographic coordinates: 41 00 S, 174 00 E


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:Geography - note: almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
:Geography - note: almost 90% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world


==People of New Zealand==
 
 
'''[[Land of New Zealand]]'''
 
New Zealand, Maori Aotearoa,  island country in the South Pacific Ocean, the southwesternmost part of Polynesia. New Zealand is a remote land—one of the last sizable territories suitable for habitation to be populated and settled—and lies more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Australia, its nearest neighbour. The country comprises two main islands—the North and South islands—and a number of small islands, some of them hundreds of miles from the main group. The capital city is Wellington and the largest urban area Auckland; both are located on the North Island. New Zealand administers the South Pacific island group of Tokelau and claims a section of the Antarctic continent. Niue and the Cook Islands are self-governing states in free association with New Zealand.--->[[Land of New Zealand|>>>Read More.<<<]]
 
==Demography of New Zealand==


*Nationality:
*Nationality:
Line 229: Line 298:
:male: 17.3%
:male: 17.3%
:female: 18.1% (2012)
:female: 18.1% (2012)
'''[[The People of New Zealand]]'''
'''Ethnic groups'''
Contemporary New Zealand has a majority of people of European origin, a significant minority of Maori, and smaller numbers of people from Pacific islands and Asia. In the early 21st century, Asians were the fastest-growing demographic group.--->[[The People of New Zealand|>>>Read More.<<<]]
==Economy of New Zealand==
*Economy - overview:
Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, helping fuel a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for economic managers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08; international capital inflows attracted to the high rates further strengthened the currency and housing market, however, aggravating the current account deficit. The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy pulled out of recession late in 2009, and achieved 2-3% per year growth in 2010-13. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand. The government plans to raise productivity growth and develop infrastructure, while reining in government spending.
'''[[More on Economy of New Zealand]]'''
New Zealand’s economy is developed, but it is comparatively small in the global marketplace. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, New Zealand’s standard of living, based on the export of agricultural products, was one of the highest in the world, but after the mid-20th century the rate of growth tended to be one of the slowest among the developed countries. Impediments to economic expansion have been the slow growth of the economy of the United Kingdom (which formerly was the main destination of New Zealand’s exports) and its eventual membership in the European Community (later the European Union) and the high tariffs imposed by the major industrial nations against the country’s agricultural products (e.g., butter and meat).--->[[More on Economy of New Zealand|>>>>Read More<<<<]]
'''[[Energy of New Zealand]]'''
'''[[Transportation of New Zealand]]'''


==Government of New Zealand==
==Government of New Zealand==
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:note: adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally is played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played
:note: adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally is played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played


==Economy of New Zealand==


*Economy - overview:
'''[[About Government and Society of New Zealand]]'''
Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. Per capita income rose for ten consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, helping fuel a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for economic managers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007-08; international capital inflows attracted to the high rates further strengthened the currency and housing market, however, aggravating the current account deficit. The economy fell into recession before the start of the global financial crisis and contracted for five consecutive quarters in 2008-09. In line with global peers, the central bank cut interest rates aggressively and the government developed fiscal stimulus measures. The economy pulled out of recession late in 2009, and achieved 2-3% per year growth in 2010-13. Nevertheless, key trade sectors remain vulnerable to weak external demand. The government plans to raise productivity growth and develop infrastructure, while reining in government spending.


New Zealand has a parliamentary form of government based on the British model. Legislative power is vested in the single-chamber House of Representatives (Parliament), the members of which are elected for three-year terms. The political party or coalition of parties that commands a majority in the House forms the government. Generally, the leader of the governing party becomes the prime minister, who, with ministers responsible for different aspects of government, forms a cabinet. The cabinet is the central organ of executive power. Most legislation is initiated in the House on the basis of decisions made by the cabinet; Parliament must then pass it by a majority vote before it can become law. The cabinet, however, has extensive regulatory powers that are subject to only limited parliamentary review. Because cabinet ministers sit in the House and because party discipline is customarily strong, legislative and executive authorities are effectively fused.--->[[About Government and Society of New Zealand|>>>Read More.<<<]]


*GDP (purchasing power parity):
==Communication of New Zealand==
:$136 billion (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 64
:$132.7 billion (2012 est.)
:$129.2 billion (2011 est.)
:note: data are in 2013 US dollars


*GDP (official exchange rate):
*Telephones - main lines in use:
:$181.1 billion (2013 est.)
:1.88 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 61


*GDP - real growth rate:
*Telephones - mobile cellular:
:2.5% (2013 est.)
:4.922 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 130
:2.7% (2012 est.)
:1.4% (2011 est.)
 
*GDP - per capita (PPP):
:$30,400 (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 46
:$29,900 (2012 est.)
:$29,300 (2011 est.)
:note: data are in 2013 US dollars
 
*Gross national saving:
:15.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 104
:14.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
:14.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
 
*GDP - composition, by end use:
:household consumption: 58.1%
:government consumption: 19.9%
:investment in fixed capital: 20.2%
:investment in inventories: 0.5%
:exports of goods and services: 30%
:imports of goods and services: -28.7%
(2013 est.)
 
*GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
:agriculture: 5%
:industry: 25.5%
:services: 69.5% (2013 est.)
 
*Agriculture - products:
:dairy products, lamb and mutton; wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef; fish
 
*Industries:
:food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking, insurance, tourism, mining
 
*Industrial production growth rate:
:1.9% (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 128
 
*Labor force:
:2.413 million (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 113
:country comparison to the world: 113


*Labor force - by occupation:
*Telephone system:
:agriculture: 7%
:general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems
:industry: 19%
:domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons
:services: 74% (2006 est.)
:international: country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)


*Unemployment rate:
*Broadcast media:
:6.4% (2013 est.)
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)
:country comparison to the world: 66
:6.9% (2012 est.)
:Population below poverty line: NA%


*Household income or consumption by percentage share:
*Internet country code:
:lowest 10%: NA%
:.nz
:highest 10%: NA%


*Distribution of family income - Gini index: 36.2 (1997)
*Internet hosts:
:country comparison to the world: 86
:3.026 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 34


*Budget:
*Internet users:
:revenues: $69.17 billion
:3.4 million (2009)
:expenditures: $72.65 billion (2013 est.)


*Taxes and other revenues:
:country comparison to the world: 62
:38.2% of GDP (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 51
:Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
:-1.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 86


*Public debt:
==Millitary of New Zealand==
:38.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 98
:38.1% of GDP (2012 est.)


*Fiscal year:
*Military branches:
:1 April - 31 March
:New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army; Royal New Zealand Navy; Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)
:note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes


*Inflation rate (consumer prices):
*Military service age and obligation:
:1.3% (2013 est.)
17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)
:country comparison to the world: 37
:1.1% (2012 est.)


*Central bank discount rate:
*Manpower available for military service:
:2.5% (31 December 2009)
:males age 16-49: 1,019,798
:country comparison to the world: 70
:females age 16-49: 1,003,429 (2010 est.)
:5% (31 December 2008)


*Commercial bank prime lending rate:
*Manpower fit for military service:
:5.7% (31 December 2013 est.)
:males age 16-49: 843,526
:country comparison to the world: 135
:females age 16-49: 828,779 (2010 est.)
:5.82% (31 December 2012 est.)


*Stock of narrow money:
*Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
:$30.03 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
:male: 30,846
:country comparison to the world: 60
:female: 28,825 (2010 est.)
$29.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


*Stock of broad money:
*Military expenditures: 1.13% of GDP (2012)
:$91.28 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
*country comparison to the world: 89
:country comparison to the world: 56
:1.12% of GDP (2011)
:$84.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
:1.13% of GDP (2010)


*Stock of domestic credit:
==Transnational Issues of New Zealand==
:$256.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 37
:$265.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


*Market value of publicly traded shares:
*Disputes - international:
:$NA (31 December 2012 est.)
:asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
:country comparison to the world: 41
:$71.66 billion (31 December 2011)
:$71.83 billion (31 December 2010 est.)


*Current account balance:
*Illicit drugs:
:-$8.358 billion (2013 est.)
:significant consumer of amphetamines
:country comparison to the world: 173
:-$8.508 billion (2012 est.)


*Exports:
==Instituting Social Welfare of New Zealand==
:$37.84 billion (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 62
:$37.87 billion (2012 est.)


*Exports - commodities: dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
From the outset, the country has been in the forefront of social welfare legislation. New Zealand was the world's first country to give women the right to vote (1893). It adopted old-age pensions (1898); a national child welfare program (1907); social security for the elderly, widows, and orphans, along with family benefit payments; minimum wages; a 40-hour workweek and unemployment and health insurance (1938); and socialized medicine (1941).
*Exports - partners: Australia 21.1%, China 15%, US 9.2%, Japan 7% (2012)
*Imports: $37.35 billion (2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 63
:$37.04 billion (2012 est.)


*Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles, aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
New Zealand fought with the Allies in both world wars as well as in Korea. In 1999, it became part of the UN peacekeeping force sent to East Timor.
*Imports - partners: China 16.4%, Australia 15.2%, US 9.3%, Japan 6.5%, Singapore 4.8%, Germany 4.4% (2012)


*Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
In recent years, New Zealand has introduced extremely liberal social policies. In June 2003, Parliament legalized prostitution and in Dec. 2004, same-sex unions were recognized. In 2005, Helen Clark was elected for the second time. She lost her reelection bid in 2008, when the center-right National Party, led by John Key, took 45.5% of the vote in parliamentary elections. Clark's Labour Party garnered 33.8%. Key became prime minister in November. Key's win ended nine years of governance by the Labour Party.
:$20.01 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 60
:$17.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


*Debt - external:
:$81.36 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 52
:$85.18 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


*Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
==New Zealand Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage==
:$84.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
On April 17, 2013, New Zealand's Parliament voted 77 to 44 in favor of same-sex marriage. Prime Minister John Key supported the legislation. The passing of the law made New Zealand the first country in the Asia-Pacific region to legalize same-sex marriage.
:country comparison to the world: 46
:$81.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.)


*Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
The new marriage equality law, which goes into effect in August 2013, also allows same-sex couples to adopt children. Their marriages are also recognized in other countries. With the passing of the legislation, New Zealand becomes the 13th country in the world where same-sex marriage is legal.
:$59.08 billion (31 December 2009)
:country comparison to the world: 37


*Exchange rates:
==[[Culture Life  of New Zealand]]==
:New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -
:1.247 (2013 est.)
:1.2334 (2012 est.)
:1.3874 (2010 est.)
:1.6002 (2009)
:1.4151 (2008)


==Energy of New Zealand==
*Cultural milieu
New Zealand’s cultural influences are predominantly European and Maori. Immigrant groups have generally tended to assimilate into the European lifestyle, although traditional customs are still followed by many Tongans, Samoans, and other Pacific peoples. Maori culture suffered greatly in the years of colonization and into the 20th century, and many Maori were torn between the pressure to assimilate and the desire to preserve their own culture. However, since the 1950s there has been a cultural renaissance, with a determined effort to preserve and revive artistic and social traditions. The culture of the pakeha (the Maori term for those of European descent) has come to incorporate many aspects of Maori culture. The biennial Te Matatini festival, first held in 1972, celebrates Maori culture, especially the traditional dance and song performances known as kapa haka. The festival is held over several days, each time in a different region of New Zealand, and culminates in the national kapa haka championship.--->[[Culture Life  of New Zealand|>>>Read More.<<<]]


*Electricity - production:
:43.54 billion kWh (2011 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 56


*Electricity - consumption:
==History of New Zealand==
:40.76 billion kWh (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 54


*Electricity - exports:
Maoris were the first inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving on the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia. In 1642, New Zealand was explored by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator. British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, beginning in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.
:0 kWh (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 180


*Electricity - imports:
The Treaty of Waitangi (Feb. 6, 1840) between the British and several Maori tribes promised to protect Maori land if the Maoris recognized British rule. Encroachment by British settlers was relentless, however, and skirmishes between the two groups intensified.
:0 kWh (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 182


*Electricity - installed generating capacity:
:9.679 million kW (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 59


*Electricity - from fossil fuels:
'''[[Discovery-New Zealand]]'''
:31.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 178


*Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
No precise archaeological records exist of when and from where the first human inhabitants of New Zealand came, but it is generally agreed that Polynesians from eastern Polynesia in the central Pacific reached New Zealand in the early 13th century.--->[[Discovery-New Zealand|>>>Read More.<<<]]
:0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 157


*Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
==Literature of New Zealand==
:54.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 38


*Electricity - from other renewable sources:
'''Maori narrative: the oral tradition'''
:14% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 15


*Crude oil - production:
Like all Polynesian peoples, the Maori, who began to occupy the islands now called New Zealand about 1,000 years ago, composed, memorized, and performed laments, love poems, war chants, and prayers. They also developed a mythology to explain and record their own past and the legends of their gods and tribal heroes. As settlement developed through the 19th century, Europeans collected many of these poems and stories and copied them in the Maori language. The most picturesque myths and legends, translated into English and published in collections with titles like Maori Fairy Tales (1908; by Johannes Carl Andersen), were read to, or by, Pakeha (European) children, so that some—such as the legend of the lovers Hinemoa and Tutanekai or the exploits of the man-god Maui, who fished up the North Island from the sea and tamed the sun—became widely known among the population at large.
:48,190 bbl/day (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 63


*Crude oil - exports:
Oratory on the marae (tribal meeting place), involving voice, facial expression, and gesture, was, and continues to be, an important part of Maori culture; it is difficult to make a clear distinction, such as exists in written literatures, between text and performance. Nor was authorship always attributable. And the Maori sense of time was such that legend did not take the hearer back into the past but rather brought the past forward into the present, making the events described contemporary.
:47,290 bbl/day (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 46


*Crude oil - imports:
Throughout the latter half of the 19th century, the Maori people, disastrously affected by European “minor” diseases to which they had only weak resistance, appeared to be in decline, and European scholars recorded as much Maori legend as they could, believing that the Maori would die out and that their oral culture, highly figurative and often of rare poetic beauty, deserved preservation. Some of this material was published; a great deal more was stored in libraries and is studied today, not least by Maori students and scholars intent on recovering their own cultural past.
:99,810 bbl/day (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 49


*Crude oil - proved reserves:
Although Maori individuals and groups have become notable performers of various kinds of European music, their traditional music also survives. To the 19th-century European ear, the words of Maori poetry were impressive and beautiful, but the music was “tuneless and monotonous” and tended to be ignored. It is, however, inseparable from the words, and the scholars Mervyn McLean and Margaret Orbell were the first to publish text and music together. McLean and Orbell distinguished three kinds of waiata (songs): waiata tangi (laments—for the dead, but also for other kinds of loss or misfortune), waiata aroha (songs about the nature of love—not only sexual love but also love of place or kin), and waiata whaiaaipo (songs of courtship or praise of the beloved). In addition, there are pao (gossip songs), poi (songs accompanying a dance performed with balls attached to flax strings, swung rhythmically), oriori (songs composed for young children of chiefly or warrior descent, to help them learn their heritage), and karanga (somewhere between song and chant, performed by women welcoming or farewelling visitors on the marae). Some chants are recited rather than sung. These include karakia (forms of incantation invoking a power to protect or to assist the chanter), paatere (chants by women in rebuttal of gossip or slander, asserting the performer’s high lineage and threatening her detractors), kaioraora (expressions of hatred and abuse of an enemy, promising terrible revenge), and the haka (a chant accompanied by rhythmic movements, stamping, and fierce gestures, the most famous of these being war dances that incorporate stylized violence). In every aspect of this tradition, the texts, which in pre-European times survived through memorization, were inseparable from gestures and sometimes music. The most widely used modern development of these traditional forms is the waiata-a-ringa (action song), which fits graceful movements to popular European melodies.
:81.4 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 74


*Refined petroleum products - production:
:109,700 bbl/day (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 71


*Refined petroleum products - consumption:
'''Modern Maori literature'''
:148,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 67


*Refined petroleum products - exports:
Until the 1970s there was almost no connection between the classical Maori tradition, preserved largely as a historical record, and the development of a postcolonial English-language literature of New Zealand. When Maori writers began to appear after World War II, they wrote in English, and the most notable of them knew little or nothing of the Maori language. In 1966 Jacqueline Sturm, wife of the poet James K. Baxter, became the first Maori writer to appear in a major anthology of New Zealand short stories. By that time, Hone Tuwhare, the first Maori poet to make a strong impression in English, had published his first book, No Ordinary Sun (1964). Witi Ihimaera’s short stories, collected in Pounamu, Pounamu (1972; “Greenstone, Greenstone”), and his novel Tangi (1973) seemed finally to establish Maori writers as part of modern New Zealand writing. The Whale Rider (1987; film 2002) gained Ihimaera an international readership. Patricia Grace’s narratives of Maori life—Mutuwhenua: The Moon Sleeps (1978), The Dream Sleepers, and Other Stories (1980), Potiki (1986)—were very widely read, especially in schools as part of a broad effort in New Zealand to encourage the study of Maori writing. And Keri Hulme’s The Bone People (1983), winner of Britain’s Booker Prize in 1985, probably outsold, both at home and abroad, any other book written during the postwar period. In the work of these writers, the language is English, the forms (particularly in fiction) are European, and “Maoriness” is partly a matter of subject, partly of sensibility, and partly (as in the case of Hulme, who has only one Maori great-grandparent and who changed her given name from Kerry to Keri) sympathetic identification.
:2,471 bbl/day (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 98


*Refined petroleum products - imports:
But, increasingly through the 1980s, there was a tendency to politicize Maori issues in literature, something seen clearly in Ihimaera’s The Matriarch (1986) and in some of the later fictions of Grace, where the misfortunes of the Maori are laid, sometimes angrily, at the Pakeha door. A reaction against this came from Maori novelist Alan Duff—author of Once Were Warriors (1990; film 1994)—who argued that the Maori must take responsibility for their own failures and find the means to correct them and who spoke somewhat scornfully of his fellow Maori writers, saying that they sentimentalize Maori life. This polarization within the Maori literary community continued with the publication of Grace’s Cousins (1992) and Ihimaera’s Bulibasha (1994) on the one hand, both of which present positive images of a people who were damaged by colonialism and racism but who are fighting back, and with Duff’s What Becomes of the Broken Hearted? (1996) on the other hand, in which salvation for the Maori is again seen as lying within integration, education, and acceptance of individual responsibility. Duff’s controversial view was taken further in his autobiographical Out of the Mist and Steam (1999), in which his abusive Maori mother seems intended to be seen as typical while his bookish, intellectual Pakeha father represents a path of escape from the cycle of violence, failure, and despair. In the 1990s, after more than two decades of marriage and as the father of two daughters, Ihimaera publicly acknowledged his homosexuality; this added a further dimension not so much to his work itself but to the way it is read and the kind of interest taken in it.
:41,170 bbl/day (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 79


*Natural gas - production:
A different form of politicization has come from Maori poets, some of whom rediscovered, partly through academic study, the classic forms of Maori poetry and returned to them in the Maori language. Since there are only a few thousand fluent speakers of the language (government statistics from 2001 said something over 10,000 adult Maori claimed to speak the language “well” or “very well”), this has been seen by some as an exercise in self-limitation, while to others it appears to be a brave assertion of identity; anthologies of New Zealand poetry now include examples of these new poets’ work in Maori with translations into English. Of the Maori poets writing in English, Robert Sullivan is the one whose work attracted the most attention at the turn of the 21st century.
:4.59 billion cu m (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 53


*Natural gas - consumption:
Maori character and tradition have also found expression in the theatre, in plays written predominantly in English but with injections of Maori. Among the best of these works are Hone Kouka’s Nga tangata toa (published 1994; “The Warrior People”) and Waiora (published 1997; “Health”).
:4.537 billion cu m (2010 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 65


*Natural gas - exports:
:0 cu m (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 161


*Natural gas - imports:
:0 cu m (2012 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 111


*Natural gas - proved reserves:
'''Pakeha (European) literature''''
:29.42 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
:country comparison to the world: 69


*Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
Modern discussions of New Zealand literature have not given much attention to the 19th century. Immigrant writers were Britishers abroad. Only those born in the “new” land could see it as New Zealanders; and even they, for most of the first 100 years of settlement (1820–1920), had to make conscious efforts to relocate the imagination and adapt the literary tradition to its new home. It is not surprising, then, that the most notable 19th-century writing is found not in poetry and fiction but rather in letters, journals, and factual accounts, such as Lady Mary Anne Barker’s Station Life in New Zealand (1870), Samuel Butler’s A First Year in Canterbury Settlement (1863), and, perhaps most notably, Frederick Maning’s Old New Zealand (1863).
:37.17 million Mt (2011 est.)


==Communication of New Zealand==
The best of the 19th-century poets include Alfred Domett, whose Ranolf and Amohia (1872) was a brave if premature attempt to discover epic material in the new land; John Barr, a Scottish dialect poet in the tradition of Robert Burns; David McKee Wright, who echoed the Australian bush ballad tradition; and William Pember Reeves, born in New Zealand, who rose to be a government minister and then retired to Britain, where he wrote nostalgic poems in the voice of a colonist. They were competent versifiers and rhymers, interesting for what they record. But none of the poets stands out until the 20th century, the first being Blanche Edith Baughan (Reuben, and Other Poems [1903]), followed by R.A.K. Mason (In the Manner of Men [1923] and Collected Poems [1962]) and Mary Ursula Bethell (From a Garden in the Antipodes [1929] and Collected Poems [1950]).


*Telephones - main lines in use:
New Zealand literature, it might be said, was making a slow and seemly appearance, but already the whole historical process had been preempted by one brief life—that of Katherine Mansfield (born Kathleen Beauchamp), who died in 1923 at age 34, having laid the foundations for a reputation that has gone on to grow and influence the development of New Zealand literature ever since. Impatient at the limitations of colonial life, she relocated to London in 1908, published her first book of short stories (In a German Pension [1911]) at age 22, and, for the 12 years remaining to her, lived a life whose complicated threads have, since her death, seen her reappearing in the biographies, letters, and journals of writers as famous as T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Bertrand Russell, and D.H. Lawrence. More important, she “altered for good and all” (in the words of the British writer Elizabeth Bowen) “our idea of what goes to make a story.” Two additional books published in her lifetime (Bliss and Other Stories [1920] and The Garden Party, and Other Stories [1922]) were followed by posthumously published stories, collections of poems, literary criticism, letters, and journals. She became for a time a major figure, faded for two decades, and was rediscovered in the 1970s by feminists and by scholars examining the Bloomsbury group. It seemed, from any perspective, that Mansfield remained a New Zealand writer whose best work was that in which she had re-created the country and family she had grown up in.
:1.88 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 61


*Telephones - mobile cellular:
Mansfield once wrote, “I want to make my own country leap in the eyes of the Old World”—and she did it. She also made the short story respectable, established it as a form sufficient in itself for a writer’s reputation to rest on, and made it a staple of New Zealand writing. But she never completed a novel.
:4.922 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 113


*Telephone system:
The first important New Zealand novels came from two writers whose scene was northern New Zealand: William Satchell (The Land of the Lost [1902], The Toll of the Bush [1905], and The Greenstone Door [1914]) and Jane Mander (The Story of a New Zealand River [1920]). They were followed by John A. Lee, whose Children of the Poor (1934), mixing fiction and oratory, was drawn from his own experience of childhood poverty in the South Island; Robin Hyde, who in The Godwits Fly (1938) still wrestled with the sense of colonial isolation; and John Mulgan, whose Man Alone (1939) held in balance both the colonial romanticism of the solitary figure in the empty landscape and the leftist romanticism of “men moving together” to change the world. In the 1930s Ngaio Marsh began publishing the detective novels for which she became internationally known.
:general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems
:domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds 150 per 100 persons
:international: country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2011)
 
*Broadcast media:
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)


*Internet country code:
'''[[New Zealand Post-World War II]]'''
:.nz


*Internet hosts:
:3.026 million (2012)
:country comparison to the world: 34


*Internet users:
==New Zealand Political Reform League==
:3.4 million (2009)


:country comparison to the world: 62
New Zealand Political Reform League, byname Reform Party,  conservative political party formed from various local and sectional organizations that took power in 1912, following a general election in 1911, and held control of the government until 1928. The Reform Party first acted as a united group in 1905, but it was not formally constituted and organized along party lines until after the 1911 election.


==Transportation of New Zealand==
Based primarily on urban business interests and the small farmers of the North Island dairy industry, the Reform Party won the 1911 election by a promise to transform agricultural leasehold property into freehold on terms that would enable farmers to reap a significant profit from the sale of their land. It also benefited from its opposition to growing labour union defiance of New Zealand’s antistrike Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act (1894).


Led by W.F. Massey, the party’s leader and New Zealand’s premier from 1912 until his death in 1925, the Reform Party dealt violently with the strikes of 1912–13. But it was mortally weakened during the depression of the late 1920s, when its business and agrarian wings turned against one another. The Reform Party returned to power in coalition with the United Party (1931–35) but was formally dissolved in 1936. Its remnant entered the new National Party.
*Airports: 123 (2013)
*country comparison to the world: 48


*Airports - with paved runways:
==New Zealand Labour Party ==
:total: 39
New Zealand Labour Party, political party established in 1916 in a merger of various socialist and trade-union groups, including the Unified Labour Party (founded in 1910) and the Social Democratic Party (founded in 1913). It has traditionally been strongest among trade unionists and low-income voters.
:over 3,047 m: 2
:2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
:1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
:914 to 1,523 m: 23
:under 914 m: 1 (2013)


*Airports - with unpaved runways:
The party grew steadily so that by the 1930–35 term it had become the official parliamentary opposition; in 1935 it gained 53 seats, a clear majority, and formed the first Labour government, with Michael Joseph Savage as prime minister. It remained in office continuously until 1949 (under Prime Minister Peter Fraser from 1940) and enacted various pieces of welfare legislation, including social security, price and trade regulations, compulsory unionism, Maori protection, and other reforms but embracing only very limited socialization (of banks and broadcasting).
:total: 84
:1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
:914 to 1,523 m: 33
:under 914 m:
:48 (2013)


*Pipelines: condensate 331 km; gas 1,936 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2013)
From 1950 to 1975 the party held power only for brief periods (1957–60; 1972–75). In 1984 it returned to power under the leadership of David Lange. Lange supported economic liberalization and enacted legislation prohibiting nuclear warships from using the country’s ports. In 1989 he was succeeded as prime minister by Geoffrey Palmer, who was replaced by Mike Moore in 1990. Later that year the party was ousted from power by the New Zealand National Party.


*Railways:
In 1993 the party selected Helen Clark as its leader. Following internal divisions in the mid-1990s, the party became the largest in Parliament in 1999, and Clark became prime minister. Her coalition government won reelection in 2002 and 2005. In the 2008 election, however, the Labour Party was defeated by the National Party, and Clark subsequently announced that she was stepping down as Labour leader. Labour had an even worse showing in the 2011 election, in which its representation in the Parliament fell from 43 to 34 seats.
:total: 4,128 km
:country comparison to the world: 42
:narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)


Roadways:
==[[New Zealand in 2014]]==
:total: 94,160 km
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2014 est.): 4,474,424 Capital: Wellington Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Jerry Mateparae Head--->[[New Zealand in 2014|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:country comparison to the world: 50
:paved: 62,759 km (includes 199 km of expressways)
:unpaved: 32,143 km (2012)


*Merchant marine:
==[[New Zealand in 2013]]==
:total: 15
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2013 est.): 4,461,000 Capital: Wellington Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Jerry Mateparae Head--->[[New Zealand in 2013|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:country comparison to the world: 101
:by type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 2
:foreign-owned: 7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1)
:registered in other countries: 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2010)


*Ports and terminals:
==[[New Zealand in 2012]]==
:major seaport(s): Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2012 est.): 4,439,000 Capital: Wellington Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Jerry Mateparae Head--->[[New Zealand in 2012|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


==Millitary of New Zealand==
==[[New Zealand in 2011]]==
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2011 est.): 4,407,000 Capital: Wellington Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Sir Anand Satyanand, Dame--->[[New Zealand in 2011|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


*Military branches:
==[[New Zealand in 2010]]==
:New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army; Royal New Zealand Navy; Royal New Zealand Air Force (Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, RNZAF) (2013)
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2010 est.): 4,369,000 Capital: Wellington Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand Head--->[[New Zealand in 2010|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


*Military service age and obligation:
==[[New Zealand in 2009]]==
17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; 3 years of secondary education required; must be a citizen of NZ, the UK, Australia, Canada, or the US, and resident of NZ for the previous 5 years (2013)
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2009 est.): 4,317,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand Head--->[[New Zealand in 2009|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


*Manpower available for military service:
==[[New Zealand in 2008]]==
:males age 16-49: 1,019,798
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2008 est.): 4,268,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Anand Satyanand Head--->[[New Zealand in 2008|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:females age 16-49: 1,003,429 (2010 est.)


*Manpower fit for military service:
==[[New Zealand in 2007]]==
:males age 16-49: 843,526
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2007 est.): 4,184,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Anand Satyanand Head--->[[New Zealand in 2007|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:females age 16-49: 828,779 (2010 est.)


*Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
==[[New Zealand in 2006]]==
:male: 30,846
New Zealand Area: 270,692 sq km (104,515 sq mi) Population (2006 est.): 4,141,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governors-General Dame Silvia Cartwright--->[[New Zealand in 2006|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:female: 28,825 (2010 est.)


*Military expenditures: 1.13% of GDP (2012)
==[[New Zealand in 2005]]==
*country comparison to the world: 89
New Zealand Area: 270,534 sq km (104,454 sq mi) Population (2005 est.): 4,096,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright Head--->[[New Zealand in 2005|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]
:1.12% of GDP (2011)
:1.13% of GDP (2010)


==Transnational Issues of New Zealand==
==[[New Zealand in 2004]]==
New Zealand Area: 270,534 sq km (104,454 sq mi) Population (2004 est.): 4,060,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright Head--->[[New Zealand in 2004|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


*Disputes - international:
==[[New Zealand in 1997]]==
:asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
New Zealand Area: 270,534 sq km (104,454 sq mi) Population (1997 est.): 3,653,000 Capital: Wellington Chief of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Michael Hardie-Boys Head--->[[New Zealand in 1997|>>>>Read On.<<<<]]


*Illicit drugs:
==[[TOP 10 FACTS ABOUT NEW ZEALAND]]==
:significant consumer of amphetamines


==Instituting Social Welfare of New Zealand==
==New Zealand National Party==
''Political party, New Zealand


From the outset, the country has been in the forefront of social welfare legislation. New Zealand was the world's first country to give women the right to vote (1893). It adopted old-age pensions (1898); a national child welfare program (1907); social security for the elderly, widows, and orphans, along with family benefit payments; minimum wages; a 40-hour workweek and unemployment and health insurance (1938); and socialized medicine (1941).
New Zealand National Party, political party founded in 1936 in the merger of non-Labour groups, most notably the United Party and the Reform Party, two parties that had been in coalition since 1931. It supports free-market economic policies and draws votes heavily from suburban and rural districts.


New Zealand fought with the Allies in both world wars as well as in Korea. In 1999, it became part of the UN peacekeeping force sent to East Timor.
The Reform Party, the full name of which was the New Zealand Political Reform League, was a conservative organization that held control of the national government from 1912 to 1928. The United Party, formed in 1927, was the successor to the Liberal Party, dating to the 1890s and formally established in 1905. The new United Party was surprisingly successful in the elections of 1928 and formed a government, under Joseph Ward. A United-Reform coalition government was established in 1931 only to lose disastrously to the New Zealand Labour Party in the 1935 elections. Leaders of the right-wing parties deemed that the only way to revive conservative hopes was to unite their various groups, which separately had been dissipating their strength. The New Zealand National Party was thus born in 1936. The road back was slow, and not until 1949 did it win back the government. For the next 35 years, however, it was New Zealand’s dominant party, holding office for the periods 1949–57, 1960–72, and 1975–84.


In recent years, New Zealand has introduced extremely liberal social policies. In June 2003, Parliament legalized prostitution and in Dec. 2004, same-sex unions were recognized. In 2005, Helen Clark was elected for the second time. She lost her reelection bid in 2008, when the center-right National Party, led by John Key, took 45.5% of the vote in parliamentary elections. Clark's Labour Party garnered 33.8%. Key became prime minister in November. Key's win ended nine years of governance by the Labour Party.
In the mid-1980s the party suffered from internal divisions, which kept it out of office until 1990, when it returned to power under James Bolger. Though the party remained in power until 1999, it split in 1993, when a former National Party minister formed the New Zealand First Party. In 1994 Bolger formed a coalition after the defection of one of his party’s members of Parliament. In 1997 Bolger was replaced as prime minister and party leader by Jennifer Shipley, the country’s first female prime minister. In 1999 the party was ousted from government by a Labour-led coalition. After the subsequent National leaders—Bill English (2001–03) and Don Brash (2003–06)—failed to return the party to power, John Key became head of the party in 2006. Two years later he led the National Party to victory over the Labour Party. Key remained as prime minister when the National Party won a historic victory in 2011, capturing the largest share of the vote any party had won since the introduction of mixed-member proportional representation in 1996.


==Air New Zealand Limited==


==New Zealand Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage==
[[File:Air_New_Zealand_Limited.jpg]]<br>
On April 17, 2013, New Zealand's Parliament voted 77 to 44 in favor of same-sex marriage. Prime Minister John Key supported the legislation. The passing of the law made New Zealand the first country in the Asia-Pacific region to legalize same-sex marriage.
''Air New Zealand Boeing 747-400.''<br>


The new marriage equality law, which goes into effect in August 2013, also allows same-sex couples to adopt children. Their marriages are also recognized in other countries. With the passing of the legislation, New Zealand becomes the 13th country in the world where same-sex marriage is legal.
'''Air New Zealand Limited,'''
Air New Zealand Limited [Credit: Adrian Pingstone]New Zealand international airline founded in 1939 (as Tasman Empire Airways Limited, or TEAL) and, by 1980, operating throughout the South Pacific from New Zealand and Australia to Hong Kong and Singapore and to Tahiti, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. The original shareholders in 1939 were New Zealand (50 percent), Australia (30 percent), and Britain (20 percent); Britain withdrew in 1953, and New Zealand became sole owner in 1961. Headquarters are in Auckland.


[[New Zealand dependencies]]
Service (under the TEAL name) began in 1940 with flying-boat service between Auckland and Sydney. Beginning in the 1950s, routes were expanded, reaching Tahiti in 1951, Los Angeles in 1965, and Hong Kong and Singapore in 1966. The name Air New Zealand was adopted in 1965. Air New Zealand became a publicly traded company in 1989, and between 1996 and 2000 the firm acquired the assets of Ansett, Australia’s domestic air carrier. Air New Zealand’s primary businesses are passenger and cargo transportation.
[[Encyclopedia: New Zealand]]
[[U.S. State Dept. Country Notes: New Zealand]]
[[Statistics New Zealand]]


==Biography of New Zealand==


'''[[Allen Curnow (New Zealand author)]]'''


Curnow, Allen New Zealand author in full Thomas Allen Monro Curnow June 17, 1911 Timaru, New Zealand September 23, 2001 Auckland one of the major modern poets of New Zealand. The son of an Anglican ...[[Allen Curnow (New Zealand author)|>>>Read On<<<]]


==Disclaimer==
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