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In summary, sustainable coffee planting involves maximizing the benefits of shade-loving coffee trees like robusta and arabica, while utilizing the protective canopies provided by Liberica and Excelsa in both lowland and upland environments. This approach optimizes coffee production, reduces the reliance on pesticides, and promotes a balanced and eco-friendly approach to coffee cultivation. In lowland regions, robusta can thrive beneath the shade of Liberica and Excelsa trees, while in upland areas, arabica can be cultivated under their protective canopy.
In summary, sustainable coffee planting involves maximizing the benefits of shade-loving coffee trees like robusta and arabica, while utilizing the protective canopies provided by Liberica and Excelsa in both lowland and upland environments. This approach optimizes coffee production, reduces the reliance on pesticides, and promotes a balanced and eco-friendly approach to coffee cultivation. In lowland regions, robusta can thrive beneath the shade of Liberica and Excelsa trees, while in upland areas, arabica can be cultivated under their protective canopy.
===Cherry sizes of these four varieties by comparison listed in the order of size===
#Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Arabica cherries are generally smaller, measuring about 1 to 1.5 centimeters (0.4 to 0.6 inches) in length. They are oval-shaped and considered relatively small compared to other coffee cherries.
#Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei): Excelsa cherries are larger than Arabica cherries but smaller than those of Robusta and Liberica. They typically range from about 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) in length. Excelsa cherries are elongated and elliptical in shape.
#Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora): Robusta cherries are larger than both Arabica and Excelsa cherries. They typically measure around 1.5 to 2 centimeters (0.6 to 0.8 inches) in length. Robusta cherries are often more rounded in shape.
#Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica): Liberica cherries are generally the largest among the four varieties. They can be considerably larger than Arabica, Excelsa, and Robusta cherries, ranging from about 2 to 3 centimeters (0.8 to 1.2 inches) in length. Liberica cherries have a distinct elongated or rectangular shape.
These size comparisons are general guidelines, and there can be variations within each variety depending on growing conditions, cultivation practices, and genetic characteristics of the coffee plants.
===Coffee Leaf Sizes Unveiled: From Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa to Liberica===
#Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Arabica coffee leaves are generally smaller compared to the other varieties. They typically have smaller and narrower leaves, ranging from around 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) in length. The shape of Arabica leaves can vary from oval to lanceolate.
#Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora): Robusta coffee leaves are generally larger compared to Arabica leaves. They are broader and often have a more rounded shape. Robusta leaves can range in length from about 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches).
#Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei): Excelsa coffee leaves are larger compared to both Arabica and Robusta leaves. They are often elongated and have a lanceolate shape. Excelsa leaves can range from approximately 15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) in length.
#Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica): Liberica coffee leaves are known for being the largest among the four varieties. They are typically larger, broader, and elongated. Liberica leaves can exceed 30 centimeters (12 inches) in length.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan=2, align=center|'''Leaf Size Comparison'''
|-
|align=center|'''Typical Robusta/Arabica Leaf''' ||align=center|'''Typical Liberica/Excelsa Leaf'''
|-
|align=left valign=top|
[[File:Coffee leaf robusta-arabica.jpg|100px]]
|align=left valign=top|
[[File:Coffee leaf of 2 year old liberica.jpg|100px]]
|}
===1. Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)===
===1. Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)===
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is extensively cultivated in the Philippines and is particularly well-suited to lowland regions. This preference for lowlands can be attributed to a combination of factors, including its resilience, disease resistance, and high caffeine content. Additionally, Robusta thrives in warmer temperatures, which are typically found in lowland areas. In contrast, the cooler temperatures of highland regions are less favorable for Robusta production, resulting in reduced yields. The beans of Robusta coffee offer a bold and full-bodied flavor profile, characterized by delightful notes of chocolate, nuts, and earthiness. Due to its robust nature and distinct taste, Robusta is commonly used in various coffee blends, instant coffee production, and serves as a popular base for espresso preparations.
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is extensively cultivated in the Philippines and is particularly well-suited to lowland regions. This preference for lowlands can be attributed to a combination of factors, including its resilience, disease resistance, and high caffeine content. Additionally, Robusta thrives in warmer temperatures, which are typically found in lowland areas. In contrast, the cooler temperatures of highland regions are less favorable for Robusta production, resulting in reduced yields. The beans of Robusta coffee offer a bold and full-bodied flavor profile, characterized by delightful notes of chocolate, nuts, and earthiness. Due to its robust nature and distinct taste, Robusta is commonly used in various coffee blends, instant coffee production, and serves as a popular base for espresso preparations.
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In conclusion, Excelsa coffee's smaller fruits and unique flavor profile make it a captivating addition to the world of coffee. With its distinct tartness and complexity, it enriches coffee blends, appealing to those seeking a memorable and unparalleled coffee experience. Excelsa stands as a testament to the richness and diversity of the Philippine coffee industry.
In conclusion, Excelsa coffee's smaller fruits and unique flavor profile make it a captivating addition to the world of coffee. With its distinct tartness and complexity, it enriches coffee blends, appealing to those seeking a memorable and unparalleled coffee experience. Excelsa stands as a testament to the richness and diversity of the Philippine coffee industry.
==Sizes of the 4 coffee varieties in terms of Cherries and Leaves==
===Cherry sizes of these four varieties by comparison listed in the order of size===
#Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Arabica cherries are generally smaller, measuring about 1 to 1.5 centimeters (0.4 to 0.6 inches) in length. They are oval-shaped and considered relatively small compared to other coffee cherries.
#Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei): Excelsa cherries are larger than Arabica cherries but smaller than those of Robusta and Liberica. They typically range from about 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) in length. Excelsa cherries are elongated and elliptical in shape.
#Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora): Robusta cherries are larger than both Arabica and Excelsa cherries. They typically measure around 1.5 to 2 centimeters (0.6 to 0.8 inches) in length. Robusta cherries are often more rounded in shape.
#Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica): Liberica cherries are generally the largest among the four varieties. They can be considerably larger than Arabica, Excelsa, and Robusta cherries, ranging from about 2 to 3 centimeters (0.8 to 1.2 inches) in length. Liberica cherries have a distinct elongated or rectangular shape.
These size comparisons are general guidelines, and there can be variations within each variety depending on growing conditions, cultivation practices, and genetic characteristics of the coffee plants.
===Coffee Leaf Sizes Unveiled: From Arabica, Robusta, Excelsa to Liberica===
#Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Arabica coffee leaves are generally smaller compared to the other varieties. They typically have smaller and narrower leaves, ranging from around 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) in length. The shape of Arabica leaves can vary from oval to lanceolate.
#Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora): Robusta coffee leaves are generally larger compared to Arabica leaves. They are broader and often have a more rounded shape. Robusta leaves can range in length from about 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches).
#Excelsa coffee (Coffea liberica var. dewevrei): Excelsa coffee leaves are larger compared to both Arabica and Robusta leaves. They are often elongated and have a lanceolate shape. Excelsa leaves can range from approximately 15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) in length.
#Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica): Liberica coffee leaves are known for being the largest among the four varieties. They are typically larger, broader, and elongated. Liberica leaves can exceed 30 centimeters (12 inches) in length.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan=2, align=center|'''Leaf Size Comparison'''
|-
|align=center|'''Typical Robusta/Arabica Leaf''' ||align=center|'''Typical Liberica/Excelsa Leaf'''
|-
|align=left valign=top|
[[File:Coffee leaf robusta-arabica.jpg|100px]]
|align=left valign=top|
[[File:Coffee leaf of 2 year old liberica.jpg|100px]]
|}


==Planting Coffee==
==Planting Coffee==
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